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Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.

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Modified on: Date modified
This version:: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.0/
Latest version:: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.0/
Previous version:: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.2.1/
Revision:: v1.3.0
Issued on:: Date issued
Authors:: Metadata4Ing Workgroup
Contributors:: Dorothea Iglezakis, Universität Stuttgart; Giacomo Lanza, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Susanne Arndt, Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB); Marc Fuhrmans, Technische Universität Darmstadt; Džulia Terzijska, Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS); Sophia Leimer, Universität Duisburg-Essen; Johannes Theissen-Lipp, RWTH Aachen University; Stephan Hachinger, Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ); Johannes Munke, Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ); Benjamin Farnbacher, Technische Universität München (TUM); Vasiliki Sdralia, Technische Universität München (TUM); Alexander Wellmann, Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ)
Publisher:: National Research Data Infrastructure for Engineering Sciences
Imported Ontologies:: bibo; biro; dcat; dcterms; foaf; owl; prov; qudt; rdf; rdfs; schema; skos; ssn; vann; xsd; cr; sio
Extended Ontologies:: emmo; obo; pims-ii; si
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Cite as:: Metadata4Ing Workgroup (2023). Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.
DOI:

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Abstract

The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a framework for the semantic description of research data and of the whole data generation process, embracing the object of investigation, all sample and data manipulation methods and tools, the data files themselves, and the roles of persons and institutions. The structure and application of the ontology are based on the principles of modularity and inheritance.

Introduction back to ToC

## Motivation The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a generic framework for a complete semantic description of a process for the generation of scientific data, with a particular focus on engineering sciences and neighbouring disciplines. It covers the description of the object of investigation; all sample and data manipulation procedures (generation, selection, analysis, combination); a summary of the data files and the information contained; the connection to involved persons and institutions (with specific roles) and to other related objects like projects and publications. The ontology Metadata4Ing is developed within the [homonymous workgroup (special interest subgroup)](https://nfdi4ing.de/special-interest-groups-sig/metadata-ontologies/#footerlinks) of the [NFDI Consortium fon Engineering Sciences (NFDI4Ing)](https://nfdi4ing.de/about-us/) and it evolves continuously thanks to a fruitful exchange with different potential user groups, including the [archetypes](https://nfdi4ing.de/archetypes/) of the same consortium. ## Usage The ontology Metadata4Ing is a collection of terms (classes and properties) which can be used to enrich a research data set with semantic and machine-readable metadata, in order to annotate it or to integrate it in a database or a larger knowledge graph. The metadata can be serialized in formats like [JSON-LD](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/), [YAML-LD](https://json-ld.github.io/yaml-ld/spec/) or [Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/). More details about these semantic formats and detailed instructions how to semantically describe a data set and its generation process are collected in our [First Steps Guide](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/blob/develop/training/first-steps-guide.md), together with practical examples. ## Design The collected classes and properties are organised in a logical and hierarchical structure and either self-defined within Metadata4Ing, or reused [from other ontologies](#5-references). Subordinate classes and relations can be built according to the two principles of _inheritance_ and _modularity_. _Inheritance_ means that a subclass inherits all properties of its superordinate class, possibly adding some new ones. _Modularity_ means that all expansions are independent of each other; this makes possible for instance to generate expanded ontologies for any possible combinations of method × object of research. New concepts and properties are located in the namespace of Metadata4Ing (`m4i:`). Metadata4Ing does not import complete ontologies for the sake of relevance, readability, understandability and usability by and for engineers. Instead, it references single existing classes and properties on which the `m4i` classes and properties are based, including either their identifiers or a relevant subset of the axioms from the original ontology. Whenever the original set of statements about an entity needed to be extended or modified (e.g. because labels and definitions in any of the supported languages were missing, or expressed with a different owl:AnnotationProperty than the rest of Metadata4Ing), the corresponding editorial changes were declared in Metadata4Ing by an annotation with skos:editorialNote at item-level. To get the original set of statements we encourage to visit the original namespace of the respective item. --- ## General structure of an ontology Metadata4ing models a part of the world by introducing classes and properties. A **class** stands for a group of individuals that all share some common properties. A **subclass** stands for a subset of this group. For example, the class *method* stands for the concept of a scientific method in general; *microscopy* could be a subclass of *method* representing all microscopy methods and *coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy* is an **instance** of these classes, i.e. a **named individual** belonging to the class *method* and the subclass *microscopy*. At present the only individuals includes are instances of [_role in the research data management process_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role), which are taken from the [DataCite Metadata Schema, v4.4 and following](https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/). ![Building blocks of an ontology on the example of tools, instruments and methods](visualizations/BuildingBlocks.svg) Properties that are attributes of a class are called **datatype properties**. For instance, a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) has the following datatype properties: [_start time_](#https://schema.org/startTime), [_end time_](#https://schema.org/endTime), [_usage instruction_](#UsageInstruction). The **range** of a property defines the data type of a property. A [_usage instruction_](#UsageInstruction) can for example have the range _literal_, a [_start time_](#https://schema.org/startTime) the range _date with time_*. A property's **domain** lists the classes that have this property as an attribute. Relations between classes that can be used to interlink instances of these classes are called **object properties**. A [_tool_](#Tool) [_implements_](#implements) a [_method_](#Method), so "[_implements_](#implements)" is an object property with domain [_tool_](#Tool) and range [_method_](#Method). This documentation lists all the classes, datatype properties, object properties and individuals that are defined by m4i or reused from other ontologies. For further informations, please have a look at our [First steps guide](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/blob/develop/training/first-steps-guide.md). ---

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
bibo	<http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/>
biro	<http://purl.org/spar/biro/>
cr	<http://mlcommons.org/croissant/>
dcat	<http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>
dcc	<https://ptb.de/dcc/>
dcterms	<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
emmo	<http://emmo.info/emmo#>
foaf	<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
m4i	<http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#>
obo	<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/>
owl	<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
pims-ii	<http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#>
prov	<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
qudt	<http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/>
rdf	<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
schema	<https://schema.org/>
si	<https://ptb.de/si/>
sio	<http://semanticscience.org/resource/>
skos	<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
ssn	<http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/>
vann	<http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>
xml	<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd	<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Metadata4Ing: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Named Individuals

Metadata4Ing: Description back to ToC

General process model

One of the main goals of the Metadata4Ing ontology is to enable researchers to document the provenance of data and material objects created or modified during research processes. Metadata4Ing accomplishes this with the help of a generalized process model, centered around the class [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). The aforementioned data and material objects are described as output of the [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). Other relevant information like, e.g., the methods or tools used in a research process, are described in separate classes that can be linked to [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). A series of [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep)s can be used to represent complex research processes (cf. [Section "Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition"](#3-8-specifying-complex-setups-and-processes-by-using-composition)). Metadata4Ing can therefore be seen as a system of building blocks that can be referred to by [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) and in their totality enable a complete description of the provenance of a dataset or material object. ![Overview of the central classes and their connections](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/raw/master/visualizations/Metadata4IngBaseClassesAll.png)

Processing step as central element

The central class of Metadata4Ing is [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep), which can be used to describe all kinds of processes and does not distinguish between different types of processing steps. The pattern formed by [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) and its admissible object properties is therefore considered universal for all kinds of processes. A distinction between processes is achieved by adding further information as described in the following subsections.

Specifying in- and output

One of the major roles of [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) is to connect data and material objects to the processing step they were created in or modified by. It is usually good practice to treat modified datasets and material objects as newly created instances of their respective classes instead of reusing the original instance with altered attributes. This may seem unintuitive, especially for material objects that continue to exist after modification; but it is necessary, to be able to unambiguously refer to each "state" of modified entities. Each state may have been the subject of investigation or the in- or output in previous processing steps and therefore needs to persist as an unaltered node in the knowledge graph. For processing steps representing modifications of entities, the state before the modification would therefore be specified via [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233), whereas the resulting modified state of entity would be modelled as a new instance that is specified via [_has output_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234). [_Has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) can also be used to indicate other things that acted as input in a processing step, e.g. chemical substances or datasets (cf. [Section "Specifying datasets"](#3-10-specifying-datasets)). Both [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) and [_has output_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234) can refer to all kinds of entites, regardless of whether they are material (e.g. physical objects) or immaterial (e.g. datasets). Note, however, that [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) should not be used for specifying tools used in a processing step or the investigated object (e.g. for a measurement), both of which can be indicated with more specific properties described in the next subsections (cf. [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool) and [_investigates_](#investigates)).

Specifying the investigated object and property

Many processes (e.g. measurements or simulations) performed during research aim to investigate an object. In Metadata4Ing, this object of investigation can be specified with the [_investigates_](#investigates) property, by which an arbitrary entity (both material and immaterial) can be connected to a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). In addition to the object itself, a specific property that is investigated (e.g. temperature, pressure) can be specified via [_investigates property_](#investigatesProperty).

Specifying employed tools and methods

Another essential element for documenting a process is information on what has been done. For this, Metadata4Ing includes the classes [_method_](#Method) and [_tool_](#Tool). [_Method_](#Method) describes the method that has been realized in the processing step (e.g. heating, numerical simulation) along with relevant parameters and can be added to the [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) via the [_realizes method_](#realizesMethod) property. In a similar fashion, [_tool_](#Tool) is used to describe a tool used to perform the processing step (e.g. water bath, simulation software) and can be linked to the [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) via the [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool) property. In addition, Metadata4Ing includes the [_implements_](#implements) property that can be used to indicate that a specific [_tool_](#Tool) implements a certain [_method_](#Method), as well as the inverse relation [_implemented by_](#implementedBy). It is recommended that at least two sides of the information triangle formed by [_realizes method_](#realizesMethod), [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool) and [_implements_](#implements) are included when documenting a processing step. Depending on the granularity of the processing step described, multiple methods and tools may be added to a single processing step (cf. [Section "Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition"](#3-8-specifying-complex-setups-and-processes-by-using-composition)).

Specifying parameters

For both [_method_](#Method) and [_tool_](#Tool), relevant parameters (e.g. duration for the method "heating" or temperature for the tool "water bath") can be specified as individuals of the class [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable), connected by the [_has parameter_](#hasParameter) property. For further information on the description of variables, cf. [Section "Representation of variables"](#3-9-specifying-parameters-by-variables).

Specifying persons and projects

Any [_person_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person) can most prominently be identified via an [_ORCID ID_](#orcidId), but also via characteristics like [_first name_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName), [_last name_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/lastName), [_personal mailbox_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox), or [_title_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/title). A [_person_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person) typically [_is affiliated_](https://schema.org/affiliation) to an [_organization_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization), which in turn can be identified via a [_ROR ID_](#hasRorId). An [_organization_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization) may conduct [_research projects_](#https://schema.org/ResearchProject). These projects may be [_funded by_](https://schema.org/funder) other [_organizations_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization). A [_research project_](#https://schema.org/ResearchProject) is usually limited in time and has a specific [_start date_](#startOfProject) and [_end date_](#endOfProject). It usually has a unique [_project ID_](#projectReferenceID), especially when it is funded by third parties like the _Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft_ (DFG). A project usually has several [_project participants_](#projectParticipant) which are [_organizations_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization). A [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) may be part of such a [_research project_](#https://schema.org/ResearchProject). A particular [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) can [involve as _participants_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) one or more agents (e.g. people, organizations, software agents). With more detail, it can be said that the processing step involves the agents with a [_particular role_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole) (e.g. [_data collector_](#DataCollector)). The overall connection between these classes can be summarized as shown in the next figure. ![Participation in processing steps](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/raw/master/visualizations/Participation.png)

Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition

Oftentimes, a process performed during research consists of several substeps performed in sequence or parallel, or a tool consists of multiple components (e.g. a hardware assembly). In Metadata4Ing, these situations can be described via composition. A complex processing step and its substeps can both be modelled as instances of [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep), and the substeps can be declared as such by giving them the [_part of_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050) property pointing to the instance of the complex processing step. With the properties [_starts with_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002224), [_ends with_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002230) and [_precedes_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000063), an ordering of steps is possible. In a similar fashion, [_part of_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050) can be used to combine components into a multi-component tool, all of which can be modelled as instances of [_tool_](#Tool). ![Using isStepInAction to describe substeps of a processing step](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/raw/master/visualizations/Metadata4IngProcessDecomposition.png) Since each substep in the composed step can be given all attributes of a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) (including [_investigates_](#investigates), [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool), [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) and [_has output_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234)), it becomes possible to provide a detailled description, including relations between the in- and output of specific components and substeps of a complex setup. ![Using composition to describe complex setups and processes](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/raw/master/visualizations/Complex_Setup.png)

Specifying parameters by variables

A building element in all quantitative sciences is the concept of [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable). A [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable) can be assigned a value (numerical, literal or logical) and can be attributed to a research object (as an intrinsic property), to a process (as technical parameter, independent regulated variable or result) or to the content of a dataset. Thus, a variable is the result of evalutating an expression, in both the mathematical and computer-science meaning of the word. A [_method_](#Method) or a [_tool_](#Tool) can refer to a variable as its [_parameter_](#hasParameter); a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) can [_investigate_](#investigates) it. Each variable can be explained by a [_description_](#hasDescription), be denoted by a [_symbol_](#hasSymbol) and get assigned a [_value_](#hasValue). We distinguish two subtypes of variables: [_text variables_](#TextVariable) and [_numerical variables_](#NumericalVariable). A [_text variable_](#TextVariable) has a [_string value_](#hasStringValue), while a [_numerical variable_](#NumericalVariable) has a single [_numerical value_](#hasNumericalValue) or multiple numerical values represented by a [_minimum value_](#hasMinimumValue), a [_maximum value_](#hasMaximumValue) and a [_step size_](#hasStepSize). For [_numerical variables_](#NumericalVariable) further specifications can be made: A numerical variable is associated to a defined [_kind of quantity_](#hasKindOfQuantity) and its value should be expressed using the corresponding [_unit_](#hasUnit). Both the kind of quantity and the unit are to a large extent normed within well-established vocabularies (ISO 80000, IEC, QUDT, EMMO); therefore we strongly recommend to refer to them via a persistent URI to the corresponding vocabulary entry from QUDT, that is, with a child of [`qudt:QuantityKind`](#http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityKind) or a child of [`qudt:Unit`](#http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Unit), respectively. Additionaly, a numerical variable can have a an [_uncertainty declaration_](#UncertaintyDeclaration), in the form of either a [_coverage interval_](#https://ptb.de/si/CoverageInterval) or an [_expanded uncertainty_](#https://ptb.de/si/ExpandedUnc) containing the [_uncertainty value_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasUncertainty), a [_coverage factor_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageFactor), the [_coverage probability_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageProbability) and optionally the underlying [_statistical distribution_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasDistribution). ![Darstellung numerischer Variablen](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/raw/master/visualizations/Metadata4IngVariableAssignment.png)

Specifying datasets and related publications

Research data can be the output or input of a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) in form of one or several [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject)s or a of similar files in a directory or a a container denoted as a [_file set_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileSet). Additional technical information about a [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject) can be its [_name_](https://schema.org/name), its [_content size_](https://schema.org/contentSize) or a [_SHA256_](https://schema.org/sha256) checksum. The content and structure of such a data file can be further specified by a [_record set_](http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet) of [_field_](http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field)s that represent [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable)s. See the [specification of Croissant](https://docs.mlcommons.org/croissant/docs/croissant-spec.html) for more information. If a set of [_file objects_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject) is published in a data repository, then the entry in the repository is called a [_published dataset_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset), and possesses an [_identifier_](#http://purl.org/dc/terms/#identifier) and a [_landing page_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#landingPage). In this case, the content URL of a [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject) refers to the download link of this [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject). See the [documentation of DCAT](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2/) for more information about datasets. ![Datasets and their relations](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/raw/master/visualizations/Dataset.svg) The data acquired during research activities may become part of an analysis and a concluding interpretation. Traditionally, these activities are summed up in monographs or journal articles. Scientific publications and their metadata are fortunately online and persistently identified these days, their metadata provided as a [_bibliographic record_](#http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord). A [_dataset_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset) can be related to another publication in both directions: either it [_references_](http://purl.org/dc/terms/references) a [_bibliographic record_](#http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord), or it [_is referenced by_](http://purl.org/dc/terms/isReferencedBy) one.

Cross-reference for Metadata4Ing classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Metadata4Ing.

Classes

activity^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity

An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: process ^c
has sub-classes: processing step ^c
is in domain of: has participant ^op, qualified association ^op, uses instrument ^op

agent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent

An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

has sub-classes: organization ^c, person ^c, software agent ^c
is in range of: has agent ^op, has participant ^op

Agent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent

DEPRECATED An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).

Is deprecated: true

has sub-classes: Group ^c, Organization ^c, Person ^c

assignment^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Assignment

Assignment, i.e., a data item by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by m4i:hasVariable, 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by m4i:hasValue, and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: intangible ^c
has sub-classes: numerical assignment ^c
is in domain of: has assigned value ^op, has assignment timestamp ^dp, has date assignment created ^dp, has date assignment deleted ^dp, has date assignment modified ^dp, has date assignment valid from ^dp, has date assignment valid until ^dp, has variable ^op, is assignment for ^op
is in range of: has runtime assignment ^op, is value in assignment ^op, is variable in assignment ^op

association^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association

An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ].

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

is in domain of: had role ^op
is in range of: qualified association ^op

bibliographic record^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord

A record that uniquely describes a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic record is a set of entities describing aspects of the referenced work, including, for example, but not restricted to: authors, title, journal, publication year, DOI, ISSN, publisher and copyright information, or, in the case of a data publication: creators, title, version, archive, publication year, DOI or other identifier). The FRBR expression of a bibliographic record is a bibliographic reference, which usually contains only a sub-set of these entities, ordered in a particular way that corresponds to the house style of the publication in which it occurs.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

coverage interval^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/CoverageInterval

Structure for stating a probabilistic-symmetric coverage interval for a real uncertainty, to be applied to an si:Real quantity value

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has super-classes: uncertainty declaration ^c
is in domain of: has interval maximum ^dp, has interval minimum ^dp, has standard uncertainty ^dp
is in range of: has coverage interval ^op

dataset^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset

A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

is equivalent to: Dataset ^c
has sub-classes: dataset series ^c
is in domain of: has distribution ^op, in series ^op

dataset series^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#DatasetSeries

A collection of datasets that are published separately, but share some common characteristics that groups them.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has super-classes: dataset ^c
is in range of: in series ^op

distribution^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Distribution

A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above).

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

is in domain of: compression format ^op, download URL ^op, file size (in bytes) ^dp, media type ^op, packaging format ^op
is in range of: has distribution ^op

expanded uncertainty^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/ExpandedUnc

Structure for stating an expanded measurement, model, or simulation uncertainty, e.g., to be applied to an si:Real quantity value

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has super-classes: uncertainty declaration ^c
is in domain of: has coverage factor ^dp, has uncertainty ^dp
is in range of: has expanded uncertainty ^op

Field^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field

A component of the structure of a RecordSet, such as a column of a table.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition

has super-classes: intangible ^c
is in domain of: represents variable ^op
is in range of: field ^op

file object^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject

An individual file that is part of a dataset.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: Creative Work ^c

file set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileSet

A set of homogeneous files extracted from a container, optionally filtered by inclusion and/or exclusion filters.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: intangible ^c

Group^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Group

DEPRECATED A class of Agents.

Is deprecated: true

has super-classes: Agent ^c

intangible^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Intangible

A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has sub-classes: Field ^c, assignment ^c, file set ^c, quantity kind ^c, record set ^c, uncertainty declaration ^c, unit ^c, value ^c, variable ^c

method^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Method

Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle.

has super-classes: realizable entity ^c
is in domain of: has parameter ^op, implemented by ^op
is in range of: implements ^op, realizes method ^op

numerical assignment^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalAssignment

Assignment by which a variable (e.g., a physical property) is assigned an si:Real quantity value (scalar x measurement unit) in some context (e.g., applied to some object of research)

has super-classes: assignment ^c

numerical variable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable

A variable that expects a float or integer as a value

has super-classes: variable ^c
has sub-classes: real ^c
is in domain of: has admissible unit ^op, has coverage interval ^op, has expanded uncertainty ^op, has kind of quantity ^op, has maximum value ^dp, has minimum value ^dp, has numerical value ^dp, has step size ^dp, has uncertainty declaration ^op, has unit ^op
is in range of: is admissible unit for ^op

organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization

An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

has super-classes: agent ^c
is in domain of: associated to project ^op, has ROR ID ^dp
is in range of: project participant ^op

Organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization

DEPRECATED An organization.

Is deprecated: true

has super-classes: Agent ^c

person^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person

Person agents are people.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

has super-classes: agent ^c
is in domain of: associated to project ^op, has ORCID ID ^dp
is in range of: project participant ^op

Person^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person

DEPRECATED A person.

Is deprecated: true

has super-classes: Agent ^c

process^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015

Process, i.e., a physical entity with a temporal evolution that 'has a meaning for the ontologist'

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

has sub-classes: activity ^c
is in domain of: immediately precedes ^op, precedes ^op, realizes ^op
is in range of: immediately precedes ^op, precedes ^op, realized in ^op

processing step^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProcessingStep

Specific action undertaken during research

has super-classes: activity ^c
is in domain of: end time ^dp, ends with ^op, has employed tool ^op, has runtime assignment ^op, investigates ^op, investigates property ^op, realizes method ^op, start time ^dp, starts with ^op, usage instruction ^dp
is in range of: ends with ^op, is employed tool ^op, starts with ^op

project^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Project

An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim

editorial note: changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition, shortened definition; changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has sub-classes: research project ^c
is in domain of: has project ID ^dp, project end date ^dp, project participant ^op, project start date ^dp
is in range of: associated to project ^op

property^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Property

Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: variable ^c
is in range of: investigates property ^op

quantity kind^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityKind

A Quantity Kind is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity.

Kind of quantity, i.e., a physical/chemical quantity from a controlled vocabulary, such as QUDT, IEC, or EMMO

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: intangible ^c
is in domain of: has admissible unit ^op
is in range of: has kind of quantity ^op, is admissible unit for ^op

quantity value^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#QuantityValue

Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: value ^c

real^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/Real

(Real value +- uncertainty) x measurement unit, i.e., a scalar value with a measurement unit and an uncertainty indication

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has super-classes: numerical variable ^c

realizable entity^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017

To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

has sub-classes: method ^c
is in domain of: realized in ^op
is in range of: realizes ^op

record set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet

A description of a set of structured records from one or more data sources and their structure, expressed as a set of fields.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: intangible ^c
is in domain of: field ^op

research project^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/ResearchProject

A research project

editorial note: changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition; changed by m4i: changed label to "research project" (no CamelCase); changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label

has super-classes: project ^c

role^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role

A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

has members: contact person ⁿⁱ, data collector ⁿⁱ, data curator ⁿⁱ, data manager ⁿⁱ, distributor ⁿⁱ, editor ⁿⁱ, hosting institution ⁿⁱ, other person ⁿⁱ, producer ⁿⁱ, project leader ⁿⁱ, project manager ⁿⁱ, project member ⁿⁱ, registration agency ⁿⁱ, registration authority ⁿⁱ, related person ⁿⁱ, research group ⁿⁱ, researcher ⁿⁱ, rights holder ⁿⁱ, sponsor ⁿⁱ, supervisor ⁿⁱ, work package leader ⁿⁱ

software agent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent

A software agent is running software.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

has super-classes: agent ^c

text variable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#TextVariable

A variable that expects a string of characters as a value

has super-classes: variable ^c
is in domain of: has string value ^dp

tool^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Tool

Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool

is in domain of: has parameter ^op, implements ^op, is employed tool ^op
is in range of: has employed tool ^op, implemented by ^op

uncertainty declaration^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#UncertaintyDeclaration

Declaration that can be applied to an si:Real quantity value to give an assessment of uncertainty

has super-classes: intangible ^c
has sub-classes: coverage interval ^c, expanded uncertainty ^c
is in domain of: has coverage probability ^dp, has statistical distribution ^dp
is in range of: has uncertainty declaration ^op

unit^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Unit

A unit of measure, or unit is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of physical quanitity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added German label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: intangible ^c
is in domain of: is admissible unit for ^op
is in range of: has admissible unit ^op, has unit ^op

value^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Value

Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has super-classes: intangible ^c
has sub-classes: quantity value ^c
is in domain of: is admissible value for ^op, is value in assignment ^op
is in range of: has admissible value ^op, has assigned value ^op

variable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable

Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

is equivalent to: inverse is admissible value for ^op some value ^c
has super-classes: intangible ^c
has sub-classes: numerical variable ^c, property ^c, text variable ^c
is in domain of: has admissible value ^op, has symbol ^dp, has value ^dp, has variable description ^dp, is variable in assignment ^op
is in range of: has parameter ^op, has variable ^op, is admissible value for ^op

Object Properties

associated to project
compression format
download URL
ends with
field
had role
has admissible unit
has admissible value
has agent
has assigned value
has coverage interval
has distribution
has employed tool
has expanded uncertainty
has input
has kind of quantity
has output
has parameter
has part
has participant
has participant
has property
has runtime assignment
has uncertainty declaration
has unit
has variable
immediately precedes
implemented by
implemented by
implements
implements
in series
input of
investigates
investigates property
is admissible unit for
is admissible value for
is assignment for
is employed tool
is property of
is related to
is value in assignment
is variable in assignment
media type
output of
packaging format
part of
participates in
participates in
personal mailbox
precedes
project participant
qualified association
realized in
realizes
realizes method
refers to
represents
represents variable
source
starts with
uses instrument
was role in

associated to project^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#inProject

A property that connects a person or an organization with a project.

has domain: organization ^c or person ^c
has range: project ^c
is inverse of: project participant ^op

compression format^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#compressFormat

The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has domain: distribution ^c

download URL^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#downloadURL

The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dcterms:format and/or dcat:mediaType.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms/

has domain: distribution ^c

ends with^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002230

x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties: has part ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: processing step ^c

field^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/field

A data element that appears in the records of the RecordSet (e.g., one column of a table).

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties

has domain: record set ^c
has range: Field ^c

had role^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole

prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity)

editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, simplified definition, simplified rdfs:domain to prov:Association

has domain: association ^c
is inverse of: was role in ^op

has admissible unit^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAdmissibleUnit

redundant information: applicable unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL constraint.

DEPRECATED (x hasAdmissibleUnit y) means that y is a unit that can be associated with the variable x

Is deprecated: true

has domain: quantity kind ^c or numerical variable ^c
has range: unit ^c
is inverse of: is admissible unit for ^op

has admissible value^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAdmissibleValue

(x hasAdmissibleValue y) means that y is a value that can be assigned to the variable x

has domain: variable ^c
has range: value ^c
is inverse of: is admissible value for ^op

has agent^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent

The prov:agent property is used to reference an agent that had a role in an activity.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:prefLabel; changed by m4i: simplified definition

has range: agent ^c

has assigned value^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAssignedValue

(a hasAssignedValue y) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x

has domain: assignment ^c
has range: value ^c
is inverse of: is value in assignment ^op

has coverage interval^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasCoverageInterval

Associates an si:Real quantity value with an si:CoverageInterval

has super-properties: has uncertainty declaration ^op
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: coverage interval ^c

has distribution^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#distribution

An available distribution of the dataset.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has domain: dataset ^c
has range: distribution ^c

has employed tool^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasEmployedTool

Points to a tool that is used within a given processing step

has super-properties: uses instrument ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: tool ^c
is inverse of: is employed tool ^op

has expanded uncertainty^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasExpandedUnc

Relates an si:Real to its expanded uncertainty

has super-properties: has uncertainty declaration ^op
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: expanded uncertainty ^c

has input^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233

(x has input y) means x takes specific input as y for further processes

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel

has super-properties: has participant ^op
is inverse of: input of ^op

has kind of quantity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasKindOfQuantity

Points to the property characterization (i.e., to the kind of quantity) from a controlled vocabulary

has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: quantity kind ^c

has output^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234

(x has output y) means x provides specific output y for the result or further processes

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel

has super-properties: has participant ^op
is inverse of: output of ^op

has parameter^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasParameter

Points to a parameter of a given method or tool.

has domain: method ^c or tool ^c
has range: variable ^c

has part^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051

a core relation that holds between a whole and its part

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel; changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties: ends with ^op, starts with ^op
is inverse of: part of ^op

has participant^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057

a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

editorial note: changed by m4i: added a property chain axiom for use with prov:qualifiedAssociation; changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel; changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition

has sub-properties: has input ^op, has output ^op, has runtime assignment ^op, uses instrument ^op
is inverse of: participates in ^op
has sub-property chains: qualified association ^op o has agent ^op

has participant^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith

property between some activity and an agent involved in that activity

editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, moved original rdfs:label to skos:altLabel, added German skos:preflabel; added own skos:definition

has domain: activity ^c
has range: agent ^c
is inverse of: participates in ^op
has sub-property chains: qualified association ^op o has agent ^op

has property^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/hasProperty

Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/

is inverse of: is property of ^op

has runtime assignment^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasRuntimeAssignment

Points to an assignment that is neither input nor output

has super-properties: has participant ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: assignment ^c

has uncertainty declaration^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUncertaintyDeclaration

Associates an si:Real quantity value with its mandatory uncertainty declaration (i.e., with an expanded uncertainty or a coverage interval)

has sub-properties: has coverage interval ^op, has expanded uncertainty ^op
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: uncertainty declaration ^c

has unit^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUnit

Represents the unit of a numerical (real) value

has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: unit ^c

has variable^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasVariable

( a hasVariable x ) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x

has domain: assignment ^c
has range: variable ^c
is inverse of: is variable in assignment ^op

immediately precedes^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002090

X immediately precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel

has super-properties: precedes ^op
has domain: process ^c
has range: process ^c

implemented by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#implementedByTool

Points to a tool that implements a given method

has super-properties: implemented by ^op
has domain: method ^c
has range: tool ^c
is inverse of: implements ^op

implemented by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implementedBy

Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition

has sub-properties: implemented by ^op

implements^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#implementsMethod

Points to a method that is implemented by a given tool

has super-properties: implements ^op
has domain: tool ^c
has range: method ^c
is inverse of: implemented by ^op

implements^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implements

Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method).

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition

has sub-properties: implements ^op

in series^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#inSeries

Normally, child datasets in dataset series are represented as dcat:Dataset. The use of dcat:Distribution for typing child datasets is however recognized as a possible alternative, whenever it addresses more effectively the requirements of a given application scenario.

A dataset series of which the dataset is part.

editorial note: changed by m4i: changed subproperty relation from DCTerms to OBO_000050 added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has super-properties: part of ^op
has domain: dataset ^c
has range: dataset series ^c

input of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002352

(x input of y) means x is a specific input of y to carry out further processes

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel

has super-properties: participates in ^op
is inverse of: has input ^op

investigates^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#investigates

(x investigates y) means that x is about y, in the context of scientific research and development

has sub-properties: investigates property ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: Thing ^c

investigates property^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#investigatesProperty

(x investigatesProperty y) means that x is about target property y, in the context of scientific research and development

has super-properties: investigates ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: property ^c

is admissible unit for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isAdmissibleUnitFor

redundant information: admissible unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL contraint.

DEPRECATED (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps)

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

Is deprecated: true

has domain: unit ^c
has range: quantity kind ^c or numerical variable ^c
is inverse of: has admissible unit ^op

is admissible value for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isAdmissibleValueFor

(x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that x is a value that can be assigned to the variable y; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has domain: value ^c
has range: variable ^c
is inverse of: has admissible value ^op

is assignment for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isAssignmentFor

(o isAssignment for d) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o; e.g., x may be temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured or some other context to which the assignment refers

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has domain: assignment ^c

is employed tool^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#isEmployedToolIn

Points to a processing step the tool has been used in

has domain: tool ^c
has range: processing step ^c
is inverse of: has employed tool ^op

is property of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/isPropertyOf

Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels

is inverse of: has property ^op

is related to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000001

A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels

has sub-properties: refers to ^op

is value in assignment^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isValueInAssignment

(y isValueInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has domain: value ^c
has range: assignment ^c
is inverse of: has assigned value ^op

is variable in assignment^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isVariableInAssignment

(x isVariableInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has domain: variable ^c
has range: assignment ^c
is inverse of: has variable ^op

media type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#mediaType

The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has domain: distribution ^c

output of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002353

(x output of y) means x is the specific output of y as the result or further processes

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel

has super-properties: participates in ^op
is inverse of: has output ^op

packaging format^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#packageFormat

The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has domain: distribution ^c

part of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050

a core relation that holds between a part and its whole

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel; changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties: in series ^op
is inverse of: has part ^op

participates in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000056

a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel; changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition

has sub-properties: input of ^op, output of ^op
is inverse of: has participant ^op

participates in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor

property between an agent and an activity with which the agent was associated with or participates in

editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added German skos:preflabel; added own skos:definition

is inverse of: has participant ^op

personal mailbox^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox

A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

Is defined by: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

has characteristics: inverse functional

has range: Thing ^c

precedes^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000063

x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties: immediately precedes ^op
has domain: process ^c
has range: process ^c

project participant^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#projectParticipant

A property that connects a project with a person or an organisation.

has domain: project ^c
has range: organization ^c or person ^c
is inverse of: associated to project ^op

qualified association^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation

Allows to specify more information (e.g. a role) about an association between an agent (e.g. a person) and an Activity (e.g. a processing step).

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, skos:example and skos:note

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

Example

Example application in m4i:
:SomeProcess
    a m4i:ProcessingStep; 
    obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson;
    prov:qualifiedAssociation [
        a prov:Association;
        prov:agent   :SomePerson;
        prov:hadRole :SomeRole;
        rdfs:comment ":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess"@en
    ] ; 
                          skos:prefLabel "has qualified association"@en , 
                                         "hat qualifizierte Beziehung"@de .

The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 or http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node) containing additional information about the participation relation.

has domain: activity ^c
has range: association ^c

realized in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000054

Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

Is defined by: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/

has domain: realizable entity ^c
has range: process ^c
is inverse of: realizes ^op

realizes^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000055

Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

Is defined by: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/

has sub-properties: realizes method ^op
has domain: process ^c
has range: realizable entity ^c
is inverse of: realized in ^op

realizes method^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#realizesMethod

Points to a method that is used within a given processing step

has super-properties: realizes ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: method ^c

refers to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000628

refers to is a relation between one entity and the entity that it makes reference to.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels

has super-properties: is related to ^op
has sub-properties: represents ^op

represents^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000210

A represents B when A serves as a sign, symbol or model of B.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels

has super-properties: refers to ^op
has sub-properties: represents variable ^op

represents variable^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#representsVariable

Points to a variable that is represented through a field within a recordset

has super-properties: represents ^op
has domain: Field ^c
has range: Variable ^c

source^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/source

The data source of the field. This will generally reference a FileObject or FileSet's contents (e.g., a specific column of a table).

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties

starts with^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002224

x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties: has part ^op
has domain: processing step ^c
has range: processing step ^c

uses instrument^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/instrument

points to an object that helped the agent perform the action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen)

editorial note: changed by m4i: added different skos:prefLabel, added german label; changed by m4i: domain changed to prov:Activity from schema:Action

has super-properties: has participant ^op
has sub-properties: has employed tool ^op
has domain: activity ^c

was role in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRoleIn

prov:wasRoleIn references the association (e.g. between an agent and an activity) in which a role shall be defined. Inverse property of prov:hadRole.

editorial note: changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, added skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

is inverse of: had role ^op

Data Properties

end time^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/endTime

The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label

Is defined by: https://schema.org/

has domain: processing step ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

file size (in bytes)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#byteSize

The size of a distribution in bytes.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

has domain: distribution ^c

first name^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName

The first name of a person.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

has range: Literal

has assignment timestamp^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAssignmentTimestamp

Points to a timestamp associated with an assignment; there are multiple kinds of timestamp datatype properties, which are included here from schema.org

has super-properties: has timestamp ^dp
has sub-properties: has date assignment created ^dp, has date assignment deleted ^dp, has date assignment modified ^dp, has date assignment valid from ^dp, has date assignment valid until ^dp
has domain: assignment ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

has coverage factor^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageFactor

points to the coverage factor, i.e., to a factor (greater than or equal to unity) by which the expanded uncertainty relates to the standard uncertainty

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: expanded uncertainty ^c
has range

has coverage probability^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageProbability

points to the probability (between 0 and 1) ascribed to the event of the actual value falling within the range asserted by the given uncertainty declaration

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: uncertainty declaration ^c
has range

has date assignment created^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentCreated

Points to a date(time) of creation of an assignment

has super-properties: has assignment timestamp ^dp
has domain: assignment ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

has date assignment deleted^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentDeleted

Points to a date(time) of deletion of an assignment

has super-properties: has assignment timestamp ^dp
has domain: assignment ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

has date assignment modified^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentModified

Points to a date(time) of modification of an assignment

has super-properties: has assignment timestamp ^dp
has domain: assignment ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

has date assignment valid from^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentValidFrom

Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment begins

has super-properties: has assignment timestamp ^dp
has domain: assignment ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

has date assignment valid until^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentValidUntil

Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment ends

has super-properties: has assignment timestamp ^dp
has domain: assignment ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

has identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#identifier

A systematically built alphanumeric string that identifies a unique object (e.g. a person, a publication, an organisation, a research activity, a sample, etc.) or a unique class of objects.

has sub-properties: has ORCID ID ^dp, has ROR ID ^dp, has project ID ^dp
has domain: Thing ^c
has range: string

has interval maximum^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasIntervalMax

upper boundary of the coverage interval

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: coverage interval ^c
has range: decimal

has interval minimum^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasIntervalMin

lower boundary of the coverage interval

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: coverage interval ^c
has range: decimal

has maximum value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMaximumValue

Represents the highest value of a multi-valued variable

has super-properties: has value ^dp
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: decimal or formula ^ep

has minimum value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMinimumValue

Represents the lowest value of a multi-valued variable

has super-properties: has value ^dp
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: decimal or formula ^ep

has numerical value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasNumericalValue

Represents the numerical value of a real

has super-properties: has value ^dp
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: decimal or formula ^ep

has ORCID ID^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#orcidId

Open Researcher and Contributor ID: an identifier, that allows unique identification of a person, usually active in research.

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: person ^c
has range

has project ID^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#projectReferenceID

An alphanumeric identifier for a project.

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: project ^c
has range: string

has ROR ID^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasRorId

A Research Organization Registry identifier that persistently and uniquely identifies a research organization

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: organization ^c
has range

has standard uncertainty^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasStandardUnc

The standard measurement uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: coverage interval ^c
has range

has statistical distribution^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasDistribution

points to a descriptor/label of the assumed underlying distribution

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: uncertainty declaration ^c
has range: string

has step size^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasStepSize

Describes the spacing of a multi-valued variable

has super-properties: has value ^dp
has domain: numerical variable ^c
has range: decimal or formula ^ep

has string value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasStringValue

A character string of any length

has super-properties: has value ^dp
has domain: text variable ^c
has range: string

has symbol^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasSymbol

Letter or string that denotes a variable

has domain: variable ^c
has range: string

has timestamp^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/temporal

The 'temporal' property can be used in cases where more specific properties (e.g., dateCreated, dateModified, datePublished) are not known to be appropriate

editorial note: changed by m4i: added different skos:prefLabel, added german label

has sub-properties: has assignment timestamp ^dp
has range: date with time ^ep

has uncertainty^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasUncertainty

absolute magnitude of the indicated uncertainty

editorial note: changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel

has domain: expanded uncertainty ^c
has range

has value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasValue

A value of any type

has sub-properties: has maximum value ^dp, has minimum value ^dp, has numerical value ^dp, has step size ^dp, has string value ^dp
has domain: variable ^c

has variable description^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasVariableDescription

Textual and human readable description of a variable in a research context

has domain: variable ^c
has range: string

last name^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/lastName

The last name of a person.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel

has range: Literal

project end date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#endOfProject

end date of a project

has domain: project ^c
has range: date

project start date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#startOfProject

start date of a project

has domain: project ^c
has range: date

salutation^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/title

Title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. etc)

editorial note: changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, defined rdfs:domain and rdfs:range

has range: Literal

spatial resolution (in metres)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#spatialResolutionInMeters

Minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition, adjusted spelling conform to SI

has range: decimal

start time^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/startTime

The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label

Is defined by: https://schema.org/

has domain: processing step ^c
has range: date with time ^ep

temporal resolution^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#temporalResolution

Minimum time period resolvable in a dataset.

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

has range: duration

usage instruction^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#UsageInstruction

Textual description of a processing step within a research process to enable or facilitate its reproducibility

has domain: processing step ^c
has range: Literal or string

Named Individuals

contact personⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ContactPerson

Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource"@en; pref Label ^ap "Kontaktperson"@de; pref Label ^ap "contact person"@en; scope Note ^ap "May also be the "Point of Contact" in an organisation that controls access to the resource, if that organisation is different from the Publisher, Distributor, and Data Manager."@en

data collectorⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataCollector

Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI)

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI)"@en; pref Label ^ap "Datenerfasser*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "data collector"@en; scope Note ^ap "May also be used when crediting survey conductors, interviewers, event or condition observers, or persons responsible for monitoring key instrument data."@en

data curatorⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataCurator

Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a data centre or repository

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a data centre or repository"@en; pref Label ^ap "Datenkurator*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "data curator"@en; scope Note ^ap "While the DataManager is concerned with digital maintenance, the DataCurator's role encompasses quality assurance focused on content and metadata. DataCurator responsibilities include: checking completeness of the submitted dataset against the content as described by the submitter; verifying standard metadata according to the applicable system or schema; adding or verifying specialized metadata to add value and ensure access across disciplines; and determining how the metadata might map to search engines, database products, and automated feeds. Repository managers as well as data librarians working in the repository fall within this category. Example: https://doi.org/10.20375/0000-000D-1D1F-2"@en

data managerⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataManager

Person (or organisation with a staff of data managers, such as a data centre) responsible for maintaining the finished resource

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person (or organisation with a staff of data managers, such as a data centre) responsible for maintaining the finished resource"@en; pref Label ^ap "Datenverwalter*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "data manager"@en; scope Note ^ap "The work done by this person or organisation ensures that the resource is periodically "refreshed" in terms of software/hardware support, is kept available or is protected from unauthorized access, is stored in accordance with industry standards, and is handled in accordance with the records management requirements applicable to it. Example: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/41b3ed2e152e1e4c3846e646118208e7"@en

distributorⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Distributor

Institution tasked with responsibility to generate/disseminate copies of the resource in either electronic or print form

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Institution tasked with responsibility to generate/disseminate copies of the resource in either electronic or print form"@en; pref Label ^ap "Anbieter*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "distributor"@en; scope Note ^ap "Works stored in more than one archive/repository may credit each as a distributor."@en

editorⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Editor

A person who oversees the details related to the publication format of the resource

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A person who oversees the details related to the publication format of the resource"@en; pref Label ^ap "Herausgeber*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "editor"@en; scope Note ^ap "Note: if the Editor is to be credited in place of multiple creators, the Editor's name may be supplied as Creator, with "(Ed.)" appended to the name."@en

hosting institutionⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#HostingInstitution

Typically, the organisation allowing the resource to be available on the internet through the provision of its hardware/software/operating support

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Typically, the organisation allowing the resource to be available on the internet through the provision of its hardware/software/operating support"@en; pref Label ^ap "bereitstellende Institution"@de; pref Label ^ap "hosting institution"@en; scope Note ^ap "This role normally falls on the University, research center or organization where the data center/data repository belongs. EXAMPLE: Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) May also be used for an organisation that stores the data offline-often a data centre if that data centre is not the "publisher" of the resource."@en

other personⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Other

Any person or institution making a significant contribution to the development and/or maintenance of the resource, but whose contribution is notadequately described by any of the other values for contributorType

editorial note: changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Any person or institution making a significant contribution to the development and/or maintenance of the resource, but whose contribution is notadequately described by any of the other values for contributorType"@en; editorial Note ^ap "changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)"@en; pref Label ^ap "other person"@en; pref Label ^ap "weitere Person"@de; scope Note ^ap "Could be a photographer, artist, or writer whose contribution helped to publicize the resource (as opposed to creating it), a reviewer of the resource, someone providing administrative services to the author (such as depositing updates into an online repository, analysing usage, etc.), or one of many other roles."@en

producerⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Producer

Typically,a person or organisation responsible for the artistry and form of a media product

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Typically,a person or organisation responsible for the artistry and form of a media product"@en; pref Label ^ap "Produzent*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "producer"@en; scope Note ^ap "In the data industry, this may be a company "producing" DVDs that package data for future dissemination by a distributor."@en

project leaderⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProjectLeader

Person officially designated as head of project team or sub-project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person officially designated as head of project team or sub-project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource"@en; pref Label ^ap "Projektleiter*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "project leader"@en; scope Note ^ap "The Project Leader is not "removed" from the work that resulted in the resource; he or she remains intimately involved"@en

project managerⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProjectManager

Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams.

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams."@en; pref Label ^ap "Projektmanager*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "project manager"@en; scope Note ^ap "The manager of a project normally has more administrative responsibility than actual work involvement."@en

project memberⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProjectMember

Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team"@en; pref Label ^ap "Projektmitglied"@de; pref Label ^ap "project member"@en; scope Note ^ap "This vocabulary may or may not indicate the quality, quantity, or substance of the person's involvement."@en

registration agencyⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RegistrationAgency

Institution/organisation officially appointed by a Registration Authority to handle specific tasks within a defined area of responsibility

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Institution/organisation officially appointed by a Registration Authority to handle specific tasks within a defined area of responsibility"@en; pref Label ^ap "Registrierungsstelle"@de; pref Label ^ap "registration agency"@en; scope Note ^ap "DataCite is a Registration Agency for the International DOI Foundation (IDF). One of DataCite’s tasks is to assign DOI prefixes to the allocating agents who then assign the full, specific character string to data clients, provide metadata back to the DataCite registry, etc."@en

registration authorityⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RegistrationAuthority

A standards-setting body from which Registration Agencies obtain official recognition and guidance

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A standards-setting body from which Registration Agencies obtain official recognition and guidance"@en; pref Label ^ap "Registrierungsbehörde"@de; pref Label ^ap "registration authority"@en; scope Note ^ap "The IDF serves as the Registration Authority for the International Standards Organisation (ISO) in the area/domain of Digital Object Identifiers."@en

related personⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RelatedPerson

A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize"@en; pref Label ^ap "related person"@en; pref Label ^ap "zugehörige Person"@de; scope Note ^ap "This person could be an author's intellectual mentor, a person providing intellectual leadership in the discipline or subject domain, etc."@en

research groupⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ResearchGroup

Typically refers to a group of individuals with a lab, department, or divisionthathas a specifically defined focus of activity.

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Typically refers to a group of individuals with a lab, department, or divisionthathas a specifically defined focus of activity."@en; pref Label ^ap "Forschungsgruppe"@de; pref Label ^ap "research group"@en; scope Note ^ap "May operate at a narrower level of scope; may or may not hold less administrative responsibility than a project team. Example: Space Research & Planetary Sciences Division of the University of Bern (WP Unibe) Source: https://doi.org/10.26302/SSHADE/EXPERIMENT_OP_20201104_001"@en

researcherⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Researcher

A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author.

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author."@en; pref Label ^ap "Rechercheur*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "researcher"@en; scope Note ^ap "Should be a person, not an institution. Note that a person involved in the gathering of data would fall under the contributorType "DataCollector." The researcher may find additional data online and correlate it to the data collected for the experiment or study, for example."@en

rights holderⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RightsHolder

Person or institution owning or managing property rights, including intellectual property rights over the resource

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Person or institution owning or managing property rights, including intellectual property rights over the resource"@en; pref Label ^ap "Rechteinhaber*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "rights holder"@en

supervisorⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Supervisor

Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process"@en; pref Label ^ap "Betreuer*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "supervisor"@en

work package leaderⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#WorkPackageLeader

A Work Package is a recognized data product, not all of which is included in publication. The package, instead, may include notes, discarded documents, etc. The Work Package Leader is responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource.

belongs to: role ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A Work Package is a recognized data product, not all of which is included in publication. The package, instead, may include notes, discarded documents, etc. The Work Package Leader is responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource."@en; pref Label ^ap "Arbeitspaketleiter*in"@de; pref Label ^ap "work package leader"@en

Legend back to ToC

^c: Classes
^op: Object Properties
^dp: Data Properties
ⁿⁱ: Named Individuals
^ep: External Properties

References back to ToC

DataCite Metadata Working Group (2024). DataCite Metadata Schema for the Publication and Citation of Research Data and Other Research Outputs, v4.5. https://doi.org/10.14454/g8e5-6293 Fuhrmans, Marc; Iglezakis, Dorothea (2020). Metadata4Ing: Ansatz zur Modellierung interoperabler Metadaten für die Ingenieurwissenschaften. Interoperabilität von Metadaten innerhalb der NFDI - Konsortienübergreifender Metadaten-Workshop. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3982367 Hutzschenreuter, Daniel et al (2020). SmartCom Digital System of Units (D-SI): Guide for the use of the metadata-format used in metrology for the easy-to-use, safe, harmonised and unambiguous digital transfer of metrological data - Second Edition (D-SI 1.3.0-2). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3816686 Horsch, Martin Thomas (2021). Mereosemiotics: Five scenarios (first revised version). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4846313 Iglezakis, Dorothea; Terzijska, Džulia; Arndt, Susanne; Leimer, Sophia; Hickmann, Johanna; Fuhrmans, Marc; Lanza, Giacomo (2023). Modelling Scientific Processes With the m4i Ontology. Proceedings of the Conference on Research Data Infrastructure, 1. https://doi.org/10.52825/cordi.v1i.271 Preuß, Nils; Bodenbenner, Matthias, Heinrichs, Benedikt; Windeck, Jürgen; Moser, Mario; Fuhrmans, Marc (2023). Creating application-specific metadata profiles while improving interoperability and consistency of research data for the engineering sciences [Report]. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt. https://doi.org/10.26083/tuprints-00024573 Schembera, Björn; Iglezakis, Dorothea (2020). EngMeta - Metadata for Computational Engineering. International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, 14, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSO.2020.107792 Reused Ontologies: * BIBO = [Bibliographic Ontology](https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/bibo/) * BIRO = [Bibliographic Reference Ontology](http://purl.org/spar/biro) * CR = [Croissant](http://mlcommons.org/croissant/) * DCAT = [Data Catalog](http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat) * DCC = [Digital Calibration Certificate](https://ptb.de/dcc/) * DCTERMS = [Dublin Core Terms](http://purl.org/dc/terms/) * EMMO = [European Materials and Modelling Ontology](http://emmo.info/emmo) * FOAF = [Friend of a Friend](http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/) * OBO = Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies: * BFO = [Basic Formal Ontology](https://basic-formal-ontology.org/) * RO = [Relation Ontology](https://obofoundry.org/ontology/ro.html) * OWL = [Web Ontology Language](https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-overview/) * PIMS-II = [PIMS Interoperability Infrastructure](http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl) * PROV = [Provenance Namespace](https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/) * QUDT = [Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types](http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html) * RDF = [Resource Description Framework](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/) * RDFS = [RDF Schema](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/) * SCHEMA = [schema.org](https://schema.org/) * D-SI = [Digital System of Units](https://www.ptb.de/si/SI_Format.xsd) * SIO = [Semanticscience Integrated Ontology](http://semanticscience.org/resource/) * SKOS = [Simple Knowledge Organization System](https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/) * SSN = [Semantic Sensor Network Ontology](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/) * VANN = [Vocabulary for Annotating vocabulary descriptions](https://vocab.org/vann/) * XSD = [XML Schema Definition](https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/)

Changes from last version

Classes

Modified classes

http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset
- Added: EquivalentClasses EquivalentClasses(<http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset> <https://schema.org/Dataset>)
https://ptb.de/si/Real
- Added: SubClass of http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: SubClass of http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#QuantityValue

Added classes

http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/Intangible
http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/CreativeWork
http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileSet
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/Intangible
http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/Intangible
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Variable
https://schema.org/CreativeWork
https://schema.org/Dataset
- Added: EquivalentClasses EquivalentClasses(<http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset> <https://schema.org/Dataset>)

Object Properties

Modified object properties

http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasCoverageInterval
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasExpandedUnc
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUncertaintyDeclaration
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUnit
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#investigatesProperty
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProcessingStep
http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#distribution
- Added: Range http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Distribution
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent
- Added: "hat Akteur"@de
- Deleted: "ist Akteur in"@de
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole
- Added: "hatte Rolle"@de
- Added: "changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, simplified definition, simplified rdfs:domain to prov:Association"@en
- Added: "had role"@en
- Deleted: rdfs:label "hatte Rolle"@de
- Deleted: "changed by m4i: simplified rdfs:domain to prov:Association"@en
- Deleted: "changed by m4i: simplified definition"@en
- Deleted: "changed by m4i: added german label"@en
- Deleted: rdfs:label "had role"@en
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation
- Added: "In metadata4ing use obo:RO_0000057 or prov:wasAssociatedWith as unqualified form for the relation between an activity and an agent."@en
- Added: "Example application in m4i: :SomeProcess a m4i:ProcessingStep; obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :SomePerson; prov:hadRole :SomeRole; rdfs:comment \":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess\"@en ] ; skos:prefLabel \"has qualified association\"@en , \"hat qualifizierte Beziehung\"@de . The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 or http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node) containing additional information about the participation relation. "@en
- Deleted: "Example application in m4i: :SomeProcess a m4i:ProcessingStep; obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :SomePerson; prov:hadRole :SomeRole; rdfs:comment \":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess\"@en ]. The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node&oldid=1015446558) containing additional information about the participation relation. "@en
- Deleted: "In metadata4ing use obo:RO_0000057 as unqualified form for the relation between an activity and an agent."@en
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRoleIn
- Added: "war Rolle in"@de
- Added: "changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, added skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)"@en
- Added: "was role in"@en
- Deleted: "changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)"@en
- Deleted: rdfs:label "war Rolle in"@de
- Deleted: rdfs:label "was role in"@en
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implementedBy
- Added: "changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition"@en
- Added: "Beziehung zwischen einer Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode) und einer Entität, die diese Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert."@de
- Added: "Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way."@en
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implements
- Added: "changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition"@en
- Added: "Beziehung zwischen einer Entität, die eine Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert, und der Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode)."@de
- Added: "Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method)."@en

Added object properties

http://mlcommons.org/croissant/field
- Added: domain http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet
- Added: Range http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
http://mlcommons.org/croissant/source
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000001
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000210
- Added: SubProperty of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000628
http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000628
- Added: SubProperty of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000001
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#representsVariable
- Added: domain http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
- Added: SubProperty of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000210
- Added: Range http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Variable
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor
- Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith>)
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith
- Added: Range http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent
- Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith>)
- Added: domain http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity

Data Properties

Modified data properties

http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMaximumValue
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMinimumValue
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasNumericalValue
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasRorId
- Added: "A Research Organization Registry identifier that persistently and uniquely identifies a research organization"@en
- Added: "Ein persistenter Identifikator für Organisationen, vergeben durch die Research Organization Registry, der eine Forschungseinrichtung eindeutig identifiziert."@de
- Deleted: "Eine Identifier für Organisationen der Research Organization Registry, die eine Forschungseinrichtung eindeutig identifiziert."@de
- Deleted: "A Research Organization Registry identifier, that points to a research organization"@en
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasStepSize
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#orcidId
- Added: "Open Researcher and Contributor ID: an identifier, that allows unique identification of a person, usually active in research."@en
- Added: "Open Researcher and Contributor ID: ein persistenter Identifikator, der eine in der Forschung tätige Person eindeutig identifiziert."@de
- Deleted: Range http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank [Silvio Peroni](http://www.essepuntato.it/) for developing [LODE](http://www.essepuntato.it/lode), a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and [Daniel Garijo](https://w3id.org/people/dgarijo) for developing [Widoco](https://github.com/dgarijo/Widoco), the program used to create the template used in this documentation. The authors would like to thank the Federal Government and the Heads of Government of the Länder, as well as the Joint Science Conference (GWK), for their funding and support within the framework of the [NFDI4Ing consortium](https://nfdi4ing.de), which was funded by the [German Research Foundation](https://www.dfg.de/) (DFG) under the project number [442146713](https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/442146713).

Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.

Release: Date created

Abstract

Introduction back to ToC

Namespace declarations

Metadata4Ing: Overview back to ToC

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

Metadata4Ing: Description back to ToC

General process model

Processing step as central element

Specifying in- and output

Specifying the investigated object and property

Specifying employed tools and methods

Specifying parameters

Specifying persons and projects

Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition

Specifying parameters by variables

Specifying datasets and related publications

Cross-reference for Metadata4Ing classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

Classes

activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

Agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

associationc back to ToC or Class ToC

bibliographic recordc back to ToC or Class ToC

coverage intervalc back to ToC or Class ToC

datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC

dataset seriesc back to ToC or Class ToC

distributionc back to ToC or Class ToC

expanded uncertaintyc back to ToC or Class ToC

Fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

file objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

file setc back to ToC or Class ToC

Groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

intangiblec back to ToC or Class ToC

methodc back to ToC or Class ToC

numerical assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

numerical variablec back to ToC or Class ToC

organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

personc back to ToC or Class ToC

Personc back to ToC or Class ToC

processc back to ToC or Class ToC

processing stepc back to ToC or Class ToC

projectc back to ToC or Class ToC

propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

quantity kindc back to ToC or Class ToC

quantity valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

realc back to ToC or Class ToC

realizable entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

record setc back to ToC or Class ToC

research projectc back to ToC or Class ToC

rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

software agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

text variablec back to ToC or Class ToC

toolc back to ToC or Class ToC

uncertainty declarationc back to ToC or Class ToC

unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

variablec back to ToC or Class ToC

Object Properties

associated to projectop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

compression formatop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

download URLop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

ends withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

fieldop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

had roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has admissible unitop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has admissible valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has agentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has assigned valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has coverage intervalop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has distributionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has employed toolop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has expanded uncertaintyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has inputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

activity^c back to ToC or Class ToC

agent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Agent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

assignment^c back to ToC or Class ToC

association^c back to ToC or Class ToC

bibliographic record^c back to ToC or Class ToC

coverage interval^c back to ToC or Class ToC

dataset^c back to ToC or Class ToC

dataset series^c back to ToC or Class ToC

distribution^c back to ToC or Class ToC

expanded uncertainty^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Field^c back to ToC or Class ToC

file object^c back to ToC or Class ToC

file set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Group^c back to ToC or Class ToC

intangible^c back to ToC or Class ToC

method^c back to ToC or Class ToC

numerical assignment^c back to ToC or Class ToC

numerical variable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

person^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Person^c back to ToC or Class ToC

process^c back to ToC or Class ToC

processing step^c back to ToC or Class ToC

project^c back to ToC or Class ToC

property^c back to ToC or Class ToC

quantity kind^c back to ToC or Class ToC

quantity value^c back to ToC or Class ToC

real^c back to ToC or Class ToC

realizable entity^c back to ToC or Class ToC

record set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

research project^c back to ToC or Class ToC

role^c back to ToC or Class ToC

software agent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

text variable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

tool^c back to ToC or Class ToC

uncertainty declaration^c back to ToC or Class ToC

unit^c back to ToC or Class ToC

value^c back to ToC or Class ToC

variable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

associated to project^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

compression format^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

download URL^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

ends with^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

field^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

had role^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has admissible unit^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has admissible value^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has agent^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has assigned value^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has coverage interval^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has distribution^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has employed tool^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has expanded uncertainty^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has input^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has kind of quantity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has output^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has parameter^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has part^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has participant^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has participant^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has property^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has runtime assignment^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has uncertainty declaration^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has unit^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has variable^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

immediately precedes^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

implemented by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

implemented by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

implements^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

implements^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

in series^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

input of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

investigates^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

investigates property^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

is admissible unit for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

is admissible value for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

is assignment for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

is employed tool^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC