The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a framework for the semantic description of research data and of the whole data generation process, embracing the object of investigation, all sample and data manipulation methods and tools, the data files themselves, and the roles of persons and institutions. The structure and application of the ontology are based on the principles of modularity and inheritance. Alexander Wellmann (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-5538), Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) (https://ror.org/05558nw16) Benjamin Farnbacher (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-6501), Technische Universität München (TUM) (https://ror.org/02kkvpp62) Dorothea Iglezakis (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-0569), Universität Stuttgart (https://ror.org/04vnq7t77) Džulia Terzijska (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-6826), Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS) (https://ror.org/010nsgg66) Giacomo Lanza (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3955), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) (https://ror.org/05r3f7h03) Johannes Munke (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9170), Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) (https://ror.org/05558nw16) Johannes Theissen-Lipp (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-1949), RWTH Aachen University (https://ror.org/04xfq0f34) Marc Fuhrmans (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-018X), Technische Universität Darmstadt (https://ror.org/05n911h24) Sophia Leimer (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-204X), Universität Duisburg-Essen (https://ror.org/04mz5ra38) Stephan Hachinger (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-1478), Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) (https://ror.org/05558nw16) Susanne Arndt (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-9151), Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) (https://ror.org/04aj4c181) Vasiliki Sdralia (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-5110), Technische Universität München (TUM) (https://ror.org/02kkvpp62) 2022-02-22 Metadata4Ing Workgroup 2022-02-22 2024-09-20 NFDI4Ing (https://www.nfdi4ing.de/) Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity. superseded m4i http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing# Metadata4Ing defines classes and properties or reuses such classes and properties from other ontologies to describe research processes and research data management in NFDI4Ing. New concepts and properties are located in the namespace of Metadata4Ing. Metadata4Ing does not import complete ontologies for the sake of relevance, readability, understandability and usability by and for engineers. Instead, it tries to make re-use of existing identifiers for classes and properties by re-using all or a relevant subset of the axioms from the original ontology. These statements have been extracted in different ways, e.g. by using Protégé tools importing an ontology and copying axioms of relevant items to Metadata4Ing or by download from data services or raw files of ontologies and manual copypasting. In some cases there was a need to extend or modify the original set of statements about an entity, e.g. because labels and definitions were expressed with a different owl:AnnotationProperty than the rest of Metadata4Ing, or because a skos:preflabel or a skos:definition in any of the languages we would like to support was missing. Any editorial changes on elements from external ontologies are declared in Metadata4Ing by an annotation with skos:editorialNote at item-level. To get the original set of statements we encourage to visit the original namespace of the respective item. Metadata4Ing reuses elements from the following ontologies: - BIBO = Bibliographic Ontology - BIRO = Bibliographic Reference Ontology - CR = Croissant - DCAT = Data Catalog - DCC = Digital Calibration Certificate - DCTERMS = Dublin Core Terms - EMMO = European Materials and Modelling Ontology - FOAF = Friend of a Friend - OBO = Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies: - BFO = Basic Formal Ontology - RO = Relation Ontology - OWL = Web Ontology Language - PIMS-II = PIMS Interoperability Infrastructure - PROV = Provenance Namespace - QUDT = Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types - RDF = Resource Description Framework - RDFS = RDF Schema - SCHEMA = schema.org - D-SI = Digital System of Units - SIO = Semanticscience Integrated Ontology - SKOS = Simple Knowledge Organization System - SSN = Semantic Sensor Network Ontology - VANN = Vocabulary for Annotating vocabulary descriptions - XSD = XML Schema Definition Metadata4Ing v1.3.0 Metadata4Ing Workgroup (2022). Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity. An account of the resource. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel Beschreibung description This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of References. A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel is referenced by ist referenziert von An organization that this person is affiliated with. For example, a school/university, a club, or a team. Eine Organisation, der eine Person angehört changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition changed by m4i: added application example changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label :Person schema:affiliation :Organization . Organisationszugehörigkeit affiliation A person or organization that supports (sponsors) something through some kind of financial contribution. Eine Person oder Organisation, die etwas finanziell unterstützt changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition changed by m4i: added application example changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label :Project schema:funder :DFG Förderer funder A data type to express formulae in a markup language such as MathML or LaTeX. The preferred syntax is Semantic MathML. harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Formel formula A combination of date and time of day in the form [-]CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] (see Chapter 5.4 of ISO 8601) changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Datum mit Zeit date with time A data element that appears in the records of the RecordSet (e.g., one column of a table). Ein Datenelement, das in den Einträgen eines RecordSets erscheint (z.B. eine Spalte einer Tabelle) changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties field hat Feld Die Datenquelle eines Feldes in einem Datensatz. Referenziert in der Regel ein cr:FileObject oder cr:FileSet The data source of the field. This will generally reference a FileObject or FileSet's contents (e.g., a specific column of a table). changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties Quelle source a core relation that holds between a part and its whole changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition Teil von part of a core relation that holds between a whole and its part changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition has part hat Teil Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel realisiert in realized in Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel realisiert realizes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. ist Voraussetzung für Schritt precedes a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition ist beteiligt an participates in a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process changed by m4i: added a property chain axiom for use with prov:qualifiedAssociation changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel changed by m4i: copied obo:IAO_0000115 to a skos:definition has participant hat Teilnehmer X immediately precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel immediately precedes ist unmittelbare Voraussetzung für Schritt started by x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel beginnt mit starts with finished by x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel endet mit ends with (x has input y) means x takes specific input as y for further processes changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel has input hat Input (x has output y) means x provides specific output y for the result or further processes changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel has output hat Output (x input of y) means x is a specific input of y to carry out further processes changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel Input von input of (x output of y) means x is the specific output of y as the result or further processes changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel Output von output of A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B. A ist verwandt zu B wenn eine Beziehnung zwischen beiden besteht changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels is related to ist verwandt mit A represents B when A serves as a sign, symbol or model of B. A repräsentiert B wenn es als ein Zeichen, Symbol oder Modell von B dient changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels represents repräsentiert refers to is a relation between one entity and the entity that it makes reference to. bezieht sich auf ist eine Relation zwischen einer Entität und einer anderen Entität, auf die sie sich bezieht changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels bezieht sich auf refers to redundant information: applicable unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL constraint. true DEPRECATED (x hasAdmissibleUnit y) means that y is a unit that can be associated with the variable x has admissible unit hat als zulässige Einheit (x hasAdmissibleValue y) means that y is a value that can be assigned to the variable x has admissible value hat als zulässigen Wert (a hasAssignedValue y) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x has assigned value hat zugewiesenen Wert Associates an si:Real quantity value with an si:CoverageInterval has coverage interval hat Überdeckungsintervall Points to a tool that is used within a given processing step verweist auf ein Werkzeug, das in einem Arbeitsschritt verwendet wurde has employed tool hat eingesetztes Werkzeug Relates an si:Real to its expanded uncertainty has expanded uncertainty hat erweiterte Unsicherheit Points to the property characterization (i.e., to the kind of quantity) from a controlled vocabulary we recommend using a persistent identifier resolving to a persistent URL has kind of quantity hat Größenart Points to a parameter of a given method or tool. has parameter hat Parameter Points to an assignment that is neither input nor output has runtime assignment hat Laufzeitzuweisung Associates an si:Real quantity value with its mandatory uncertainty declaration (i.e., with an expanded uncertainty or a coverage interval) has uncertainty declaration hat Unsicherheitsdeklaration Represents the unit of a numerical (real) value Repräsentiert die Einheit eines numerischen (reelen) Wertes Kardinalität dieser Property bei der Beschreibung eines si:Real: 0-1 Obligation dieser Property bei der Beschreibung eines si:Real: recommended We recommend using a resolvable PID from a controlled vocabulary, such as ISO 80000, IEC or QUDT cardinality of this property for the description of a si:Real: 0-1 obligation of this property for the description of a si:Real: recommended has unit hat Einheit ( a hasVariable x ) bedeutet, dass a: x = y eine Variablenzuordnung ist, in der der Variablen x ein Wert zugeordnet wird. ( a hasVariable x ) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x has variable hat Variable Points to a tool that implements a given method implemented by wird implementiert durch Points to a method that is implemented by a given tool implementiert implements A property that connects a person or an organization with a project. associated to project gehört zu Projekt (x investigates y) means that x is about y, in the context of scientific research and development investigates untersucht (x investigatesProperty y) means that x is about target property y, in the context of scientific research and development investigates property untersucht Eigenschaft Points to a processing step the tool has been used in verweist auf einen Arbeitsschritt, in dem das Werkzeug eingesetzt wurde is employed tool ist eingesetztes Werkzeug A property that connects a project with a person or an organisation. hat Projektmitglied project participant Points to a method that is used within a given processing step realisiert Methode realizes method Points to a variable that is represented through a field within a recordset represents variable repräsentiert Variable redundant information: admissible unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL contraint. true DEPRECATED (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps) changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) is admissible unit for ist zulässige Einheit für (x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that x is a value that can be assigned to the variable y; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) is admissible value for ist zulässiger Wert für (o isAssignment for d) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o; e.g., x may be temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured or some other context to which the assignment refers changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) is assignment for ist Zuweisung in Bezug auf (y isValueInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) is value in assignment ist Wert in Zuweisung (x isVariableInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) is variable in assignment ist Variable in Zuweisung The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Kompressionsformat compression format This property is to be used when the files in the distribution are compressed, e.g. in a ZIP file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available. An available distribution of the dataset. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition has distribution hat Verteilung The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dcterms:format and/or dcat:mediaType. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Downloadlink download URL dcat:downloadURL SHOULD be used for the address at which this distribution is available directly, typically through a HTTP Get request. Normally, child datasets in dataset series are represented as dcat:Dataset. The use of dcat:Distribution for typing child datasets is however recognized as a possible alternative, whenever it addresses more effectively the requirements of a given application scenario. A dataset series of which the dataset is part. changed by m4i: changed subproperty relation from DCTerms to OBO_000050 added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series in Serie in series The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Medientyp media type This property SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in the IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values. The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Packformat packaging format This property to be used when the files in the distribution are packaged, e.g. in a TAR file, a Frictionless Data Package or a Bagit file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available. The prov:agent property is used to reference an agent that had a role in an activity. changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:prefLabel changed by m4i: simplified definition has agent hat Akteur prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity) changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, simplified definition, simplified rdfs:domain to prov:Association had role hatte Rolle Allows to specify more information (e.g. a role) about an association between an agent (e.g. a person) and an Activity (e.g. a processing step). Ermöglicht die Angabe weiterer Informationen (z.B. einer Rolle) zu einer Verknüpfung zwischen einem Agenten (z.B. einer Person) und einer Aktivität (z.B. einem Prozessschritt). changed by m4i: added german label, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, skos:example and skos:note Example application in m4i: :SomeProcess a m4i:ProcessingStep; obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :SomePerson; prov:hadRole :SomeRole; rdfs:comment ":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess"@en ] ; skos:prefLabel "has qualified association"@en , "hat qualifizierte Beziehung"@de . The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 or http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node) containing additional information about the participation relation. In metadata4ing use obo:RO_0000057 or prov:wasAssociatedWith as unqualified form for the relation between an activity and an agent. näher beschriebene Verbindung qualified association wasAssociateFor property between an agent and an activity with which the agent was associated with or participates in changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added German skos:preflabel; added own skos:definition ist beteiligt an participates in wasAssociatedWith property between some activity and an agent involved in that activity changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, moved original rdfs:label to skos:altLabel, added German skos:preflabel; added own skos:definition has participant hat Teilnehmer prov:wasRoleIn references the association (e.g. between an agent and an activity) in which a role shall be defined. Inverse property of prov:hadRole. changed by m4i: exchanged original rdfs:label by skos:prefLabel, added german label, added skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) war Rolle in was role in Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels has property hat Eigenschaft Beziehung zwischen einer Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode) und einer Entität, die diese Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert. Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way. changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition implemented by wird implementiert durch Beziehung zwischen einer Entität, die eine Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert, und der Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode). Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method). changed by m4i: added skos:definition, added german definition implementiert implements Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels is property of ist Eigenschaft von A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel E-Mail-Adresse personal mailbox points to an object that helped the agent perform the action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen) changed by m4i: added different skos:prefLabel, added german label changed by m4i: domain changed to prov:Activity from schema:Action nutzt Instrument uses instrument Textual description of a processing step within a research process to enable or facilitate its reproducibility Textuelle Beschreibung eines Verarbeitungsschritts innerhalb eines Forschungsprozesses, um dessen Reproduzierbarkeit zu erleichtern oder zu ermöglichen Verwendungshinweis usage instruction Projektenddatum end date of a project Projektenddatum project end date Points to a timestamp associated with an assignment; there are multiple kinds of timestamp datatype properties, which are included here from schema.org has assignment timestamp hat Zuweisungszeitstempel Points to a date(time) of creation of an assignment has date assignment created hat Datumszuweisung erzeugt Points to a date(time) of deletion of an assignment has date assignment deleted hat Datumszuweisung gelöscht Points to a date(time) of modification of an assignment has date assignment modified hat Datumszuweisung bearbeitet Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment begins has date assignment valid from hat Datumszuweisung gültig ab Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment ends has date assignment valid until hat Datumszuweisung gültig bis Represents the highest value of a multi-valued variable has maximum value hat Maximalwert Represents the lowest value of a multi-valued variable has minimum value hat Minimalwert Represents the numerical value of a real has numerical value hat Zahlenwert https://ror.org/[0-9][0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][0-9][0-9] has research organization registry id hat Forschungsorganisationsid A Research Organization Registry identifier that persistently and uniquely identifies a research organization Ein persistenter Identifikator für Organisationen, vergeben durch die Research Organization Registry, der eine Forschungseinrichtung eindeutig identifiziert. has ROR ID hat ROR ID Describes the spacing of a multi-valued variable has step size hat Schrittweite A character string of any length Eine Zeichenkette (Text) beliebiger Länge. has string value hat Zeichenwert Buchstabe oder Zeichenkette, die eine Variable repräsentiert Letter or string that denotes a variable has symbol hat Symbol A value of any type Ein beliebiger Wert has value hat Wert Textual and human readable description of a variable in a research context Textuelle und menschenlesbare Beschreibung einer Variablen im Forschungskontext has variable description hat Variablenbeschreibung besitzt eindeutigen Identifikator has unique identifier is represented through identifier wird durch Identifikator repräsentiert A systematically built alphanumeric string that identifies a unique object (e.g. a person, a publication, an organisation, a research activity, a sample, etc.) or a unique class of objects. has identifier hat Identifikator https://orcid.org/[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9X] Open Researcher and Contributor ID: an identifier, that allows unique identification of a person, usually active in research. Open Researcher and Contributor ID: ein persistenter Identifikator, der eine in der Forschung tätige Person eindeutig identifiziert. has ORCID ID hat ORCID ID An alphanumeric identifier for a project. Eine alphanumerische ID zur Referenzierung eines Projekts. has project ID hat Projekt-ID Startdatum eines Projekts start date of a project Projektstartdatum project start date The size of a distribution in bytes. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Dateigröße (in Byte) file size (in bytes) The size in bytes can be approximated when the precise size is not known. The literal value of dcat:byteSize should by typed as xsd:decimal. Minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition, adjusted spelling conform to SI räumliche Auflösung (in Metern) spatial resolution (in metres) Alternative spatial resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions. If the dataset is an image or grid this should correspond to the spacing of items. For other kinds of spatial dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest distance between items in the dataset. Minimum time period resolvable in a dataset. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) temporal resolution zeitliche Auflösung Alternative temporal resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions. If the dataset is a time-series this should correspond to the spacing of items in the series. For other kinds of dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest time difference between items in the dataset. The first name of a person. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel Vorname first name The last name of a person. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel Nachname last name Title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. etc) changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, defined rdfs:domain and rdfs:range Anrede salutation 1.0 points to the coverage factor, i.e., to a factor (greater than or equal to unity) by which the expanded uncertainty relates to the standard uncertainty changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has coverage factor hat Überdeckungsfaktor 0.0 1.0 points to the probability (between 0 and 1) ascribed to the event of the actual value falling within the range asserted by the given uncertainty declaration changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has coverage probability hat Deckungswahrscheinlichkeit points to a descriptor/label of the assumed underlying distribution changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has statistical distribution hat statistische Verteilung upper boundary of the coverage interval changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has interval maximum hat Intervallmaximum lower boundary of the coverage interval changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has interval minimum hat Intervallminimum 0.0 The standard measurement uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has standard uncertainty hat Standardunsicherheit 0.0 absolute magnitude of the indicated uncertainty changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel has uncertainty hat Unsicherheit The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to <em>December</em>. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file.<br/><br/> Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label Endzeit end time The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from <em>January</em> to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file.<br/><br/> Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label Startzeit start time The 'temporal' property can be used in cases where more specific properties (e.g., dateCreated, dateModified, datePublished) are not known to be appropriate changed by m4i: added different skos:prefLabel, added german label has timestamp hat Zeitstempel A component of the structure of a RecordSet, such as a column of a table. Ein Bestandteil der Struktur eines RecordSets wie z.B. eine Spalte einer Tabelle changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition Feld Field An individual file that is part of a dataset. Eine Einzeldatei, die Teil eines Datensatzes ist. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Dateiobject file object A set of homogeneous files extracted from a container, optionally filtered by inclusion and/or exclusion filters. Ein Satz homogener Dateien, die aus einem Container extrahiert wurden, optional gefiltert durch Einschluss- und/oder Ausschlussfilter. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Dateimenge file set A description of a set of structured records from one or more data sources and their structure, expressed as a set of fields. Eine Beschreibung einer Menge strukturierter Einträge von einer oder mehrerer Datenquellen mit ihrer Struktur, ausgedrückt durch eine Menge von Feldern changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Menge von Einträgen record set Process, i.e., a physical entity with a temporal evolution that 'has a meaning for the ontologist' changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel Prozess process To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel realisierbare Entität realizable entity A record that uniquely describes a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic record is a set of entities describing aspects of the referenced work, including, for example, but not restricted to: authors, title, journal, publication year, DOI, ISSN, publisher and copyright information, or, in the case of a data publication: creators, title, version, archive, publication year, DOI or other identifier). The FRBR expression of a bibliographic record is a bibliographic reference, which usually contains only a sub-set of these entities, ordered in a particular way that corresponds to the house style of the publication in which it occurs. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel bibliografischer Eintrag bibliographic record A <b>Quantity Kind</b> is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity. Kind of quantity, i.e., a physical/chemical quantity from a controlled vocabulary, such as QUDT, IEC, or EMMO changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) we recommend using a persistent identifier resolving to a persistent URL Größenart quantity kind A unit of measure, or unit is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of physical quanitity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added German label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Einheit unit Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle. Methode method 1 Assignment by which a variable (e.g., a physical property) is assigned an si:Real quantity value (scalar x measurement unit) in some context (e.g., applied to some object of research) numerical assignment numerische Zuweisung A variable that expects a float or integer as a value Eine Variable, die eine Zahl als Wert erwartet numerical variable numerische Variable Specific action undertaken during research Arbeitsschritt processing step A variable that expects a string of characters as a value Eine Variable, die eine Zeichenkette als Wert erwartet text variable textbasierte Variable Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool Werkzeug tool Declaration that can be applied to an si:Real quantity value to give an assessment of uncertainty Unsicherheitsdeklaration uncertainty declaration 1 Assignment, i.e., a data item by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by m4i:hasVariable, 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by m4i:hasValue, and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Zuweisung assignment Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Eigenschaft property Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Größenwert quantity value 1 Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Wert value Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, adjusted german labels, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Variable variable A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Datensatz dataset The notion of dataset in DCAT is broad and inclusive, with the intention of accommodating resource types arising from all communities. Data comes in many forms including numbers, text, pixels, imagery, sound and other multi-media, and potentially other types, any of which might be collected into a dataset. This class describes the conceptual dataset. One or more representations might be available, with differing schematic layouts and formats or serializations. A collection of datasets that are published separately, but share some common characteristics that groups them. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series Datensatzserie dataset series A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above). changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, removed other languages than english in comment, label, changeNote and definition Verteilung distribution An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities. Eine Aktivität ist etwas, das über einen Zeitraum und mit oder an Entitäten erfolgt; dazu kann das Verbrauchen, Verarbeiten, Transformieren, Modifizieren, Relokalisieren, Verwenden, oder die Genese von Entitäten gehören. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Aktivität activity An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances Akteur agent An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ]. changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Verknüpfung association An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc. Eine Organisation ist eine soziale oder rechtliche Institution wie ein Unternehmen, ein Verein usw. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances Organisation organization Eine Person als Akteur ist eine natürliche Person, also ein handelnder Mensch. Person agents are people. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances Person person A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Rolle des Akteurs role A software agent is running software. Ein Software als Akteur ist ein Stück laufender Programmcode, der eine Aufgabe in einem Prozess übernimmt. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances Software-Akteur software agent DEPRECATED An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact). exchanged foaf:Agent by prov:Agent to fulfill range definition of prov:agent property true DEPRECATED A class of Agents. Remove foaf:Group, use prov:Organization instead true DEPRECATED An organization. Replace foaf:Organization by prov:Organization true DEPRECATED A person. Replace foaf:Person by prov:Person true 1 1 1 1 1 Structure for stating a probabilistic-symmetric coverage interval for a real uncertainty, to be applied to an si:Real quantity value changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel coverage interval Überdeckungsintervall 1 1 1 1 Structure for stating an expanded measurement, model, or simulation uncertainty, e.g., to be applied to an si:Real quantity value changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel erweiterte Unsicherheit expanded uncertainty 1 1 (Real value +- uncertainty) x measurement unit, i.e., a scalar value with a measurement unit and an uncertainty indication changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated), added skos:prefLabel Reell real A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Ungreifbares intangible An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim Ein typischerweise kollektives Unterfangen zum Erreichen eines vorab geplanten Ziels changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition, shortened definition changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) Projekt project A research project ein Forschungsprojekt changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition changed by m4i: changed label to "research project" (no CamelCase) changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label Forschungsprojekt research project https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#contactperson Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource Kontaktperson contact person May also be the "Point of Contact" in an organisation that controls access to the resource, if that organisation is different from the Publisher, Distributor, and Data Manager. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#datacollector Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI) Datenerfasser*in data collector May also be used when crediting survey conductors, interviewers, event or condition observers, or persons responsible for monitoring key instrument data. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#datacurator Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a data centre or repository Datenkurator*in data curator While the DataManager is concerned with digital maintenance, the DataCurator's role encompasses quality assurance focused on content and metadata. DataCurator responsibilities include: checking completeness of the submitted dataset against the content as described by the submitter; verifying standard metadata according to the applicable system or schema; adding or verifying specialized metadata to add value and ensure access across disciplines; and determining how the metadata might map to search engines, database products, and automated feeds. Repository managers as well as data librarians working in the repository fall within this category. Example: https://doi.org/10.20375/0000-000D-1D1F-2 https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#datamanager Person (or organisation with a staff of data managers, such as a data centre) responsible for maintaining the finished resource Datenverwalter*in data manager The work done by this person or organisation ensures that the resource is periodically "refreshed" in terms of software/hardware support, is kept available or is protected from unauthorized access, is stored in accordance with industry standards, and is handled in accordance with the records management requirements applicable to it. Example: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/41b3ed2e152e1e4c3846e646118208e7 https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#distributor Institution tasked with responsibility to generate/disseminate copies of the resource in either electronic or print form Anbieter*in distributor Works stored in more than one archive/repository may credit each as a distributor. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#editor A person who oversees the details related to the publication format of the resource Herausgeber*in editor Note: if the Editor is to be credited in place of multiple creators, the Editor's name may be supplied as Creator, with "(Ed.)" appended to the name. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#hostinginstitution Typically, the organisation allowing the resource to be available on the internet through the provision of its hardware/software/operating support bereitstellende Institution hosting institution This role normally falls on the University, research center or organization where the data center/data repository belongs. EXAMPLE: Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) May also be used for an organisation that stores the data offline-often a data centre if that data centre is not the "publisher" of the resource. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#other Any person or institution making a significant contribution to the development and/or maintenance of the resource, but whose contribution is notadequately described by any of the other values for contributorType changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated) other person weitere Person Could be a photographer, artist, or writer whose contribution helped to publicize the resource (as opposed to creating it), a reviewer of the resource, someone providing administrative services to the author (such as depositing updates into an online repository, analysing usage, etc.), or one of many other roles. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#producer Typically,a person or organisation responsible for the artistry and form of a media product Produzent*in producer In the data industry, this may be a company "producing" DVDs that package data for future dissemination by a distributor. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#projectleader Person officially designated as head of project team or sub-project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource Projektleiter*in project leader The Project Leader is not "removed" from the work that resulted in the resource; he or she remains intimately involved https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#projectmanager Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams. Projektmanager*in project manager The manager of a project normally has more administrative responsibility than actual work involvement. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#projectmember Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team Projektmitglied project member This vocabulary may or may not indicate the quality, quantity, or substance of the person's involvement. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#registrationagency Institution/organisation officially appointed by a Registration Authority to handle specific tasks within a defined area of responsibility Registrierungsstelle registration agency DataCite is a Registration Agency for the International DOI Foundation (IDF). One of DataCite’s tasks is to assign DOI prefixes to the allocating agents who then assign the full, specific character string to data clients, provide metadata back to the DataCite registry, etc. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#registrationauthority A standards-setting body from which Registration Agencies obtain official recognition and guidance Registrierungsbehörde registration authority The IDF serves as the Registration Authority for the International Standards Organisation (ISO) in the area/domain of Digital Object Identifiers. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#relatedperson A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize related person zugehörige Person This person could be an author's intellectual mentor, a person providing intellectual leadership in the discipline or subject domain, etc. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#researchgroup Typically refers to a group of individuals with a lab, department, or divisionthathas a specifically defined focus of activity. Forschungsgruppe research group May operate at a narrower level of scope; may or may not hold less administrative responsibility than a project team. Example: Space Research & Planetary Sciences Division of the University of Bern (WP Unibe) Source: https://doi.org/10.26302/SSHADE/EXPERIMENT_OP_20201104_001 https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#researcher A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author. Rechercheur*in researcher Should be a person, not an institution. Note that a person involved in the gathering of data would fall under the contributorType "DataCollector." The researcher may find additional data online and correlate it to the data collected for the experiment or study, for example. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#rightsholder Person or institution owning or managing property rights, including intellectual property rights over the resource Rechteinhaber*in rights holder https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#sponsor Person or organisation that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, developed, etc. Sponsor*in sponsor Includes organisations that provide in-kind support, through donation, provision of people or a facility or instrumentation necessary for the development of the resource, etc. https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#supervisor Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process Betreuer*in supervisor https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/#workpackageleader A Work Package is a recognized data product, not all of which is included in publication. The package, instead, may include notes, discarded documents, etc. The Work Package Leader is responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource. Arbeitspaketleiter*in work package leader Another FileObject or FileSet that this one is contained in, e.g., in the case of a file extracted from an archive. When this property is present, the contentUrl is evaluated as a relative path within the container object. Ein weiteres FileObject oder FileSet, in dem das aktuelle enthalten ist. Wenn diese Eigenschaft vorhanden ist, wird die contentUrl als relativer Pfad innerhalb des Container-Objektes interpretiert changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel and skos:definition, added german labels, removed schema:rangeIncludes and schema:domainIncludes properties containedIn enthalten in This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By. A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel references referenziert A name given to the resource. changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel Titel title