language en
Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.
Release: Date created
Release 2024-09-20
- This version:
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.0/
- Latest version:
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.0/
- Previous version:
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.2.1/
- Revision:
- v1.3.0
- Authors:
- Metadata4Ing Workgroup
- Contributors:
- Dorothea Iglezakis, (Universität Stuttgart)
- Giacomo Lanza, (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB))
- Susanne Arndt, (Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB))
- Marc Fuhrmans, (Technische Universität Darmstadt)
- Džulia Terzijska, (Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS))
- Sophia Leimer, (Universität Duisburg-Essen)
- Johannes Theissen-Lipp, (RWTH Aachen University)
- Stephan Hachinger, (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ))
- Johannes Munke, (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ))
- Benjamin Farnbacher, (Technische Universität München (TUM))
- Vasiliki Sdralia, (Technische Universität München (TUM))
- Alexander Wellmann, (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ))
- Publisher:
- National Research Data Infrastructure for Engineering Sciences
- Imported Ontologies:
- bibo
- biro
- dcat
- dcterms
- foaf
- owl
- prov
- qudt
- rdf
- rdfs
- schema
- skos
- ssn
- vann
- xsd
- cr
- sio
- Extended Ontologies:
- emmo
- obo
- pims-ii
- si
- Download serialization:
- License:
- Visualization:
- Evaluation:
-blue.svg)
- Cite as:
- Metadata4Ing Workgroup (2023). Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.
- DOI:
active
Abstract
The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a framework for the semantic description of research data and of the whole data generation process, embracing the object of investigation, all sample and data manipulation methods and tools, the data files themselves, and the roles of persons and institutions. The structure and application of the ontology are based on the principles of modularity and inheritance.Introduction back to ToC
## Motivation The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a generic framework for a complete semantic description of a process for the generation of scientific data, with a particular focus on engineering sciences and neighbouring disciplines. It covers the description of the object of investigation; all sample and data manipulation procedures (generation, selection, analysis, combination); a summary of the data files and the information contained; the connection to involved persons and institutions (with specific roles) and to other related objects like projects and publications. The ontology Metadata4Ing is developed within the [homonymous workgroup (special interest subgroup)](https://nfdi4ing.de/special-interest-groups-sig/metadata-ontologies/#footerlinks) of the [NFDI Consortium fon Engineering Sciences (NFDI4Ing)](https://nfdi4ing.de/about-us/) and it evolves continuously thanks to a fruitful exchange with different potential user groups, including the [archetypes](https://nfdi4ing.de/archetypes/) of the same consortium. ## Usage The ontology Metadata4Ing is a collection of terms (classes and properties) which can be used to enrich a research data set with semantic and machine-readable metadata, in order to annotate it or to integrate it in a database or a larger knowledge graph. The metadata can be serialized in formats like [JSON-LD](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/), [YAML-LD](https://json-ld.github.io/yaml-ld/spec/) or [Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/). More details about these semantic formats and detailed instructions how to semantically describe a data set and its generation process are collected in our [First Steps Guide](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/blob/develop/training/first-steps-guide.md), together with practical examples. ## Design The collected classes and properties are organised in a logical and hierarchical structure and either self-defined within Metadata4Ing, or reused [from other ontologies](#5-references). Subordinate classes and relations can be built according to the two principles of _inheritance_ and _modularity_. _Inheritance_ means that a subclass inherits all properties of its superordinate class, possibly adding some new ones. _Modularity_ means that all expansions are independent of each other; this makes possible for instance to generate expanded ontologies for any possible combinations of method × object of research. New concepts and properties are located in the namespace of Metadata4Ing (`m4i:`). Metadata4Ing does not import complete ontologies for the sake of relevance, readability, understandability and usability by and for engineers. Instead, it references single existing classes and properties on which the `m4i` classes and properties are based, including either their identifiers or a relevant subset of the axioms from the original ontology. Whenever the original set of statements about an entity needed to be extended or modified (e.g. because labels and definitions in any of the supported languages were missing, or expressed with a different owl:AnnotationProperty than the rest of Metadata4Ing), the corresponding editorial changes were declared in Metadata4Ing by an annotation with skos:editorialNote at item-level. To get the original set of statements we encourage to visit the original namespace of the respective item. --- ## General structure of an ontology Metadata4ing models a part of the world by introducing classes and properties. A **class** stands for a group of individuals that all share some common properties. A **subclass** stands for a subset of this group. For example, the class *method* stands for the concept of a scientific method in general; *microscopy* could be a subclass of *method* representing all microscopy methods and *coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy* is an **instance** of these classes, i.e. a **named individual** belonging to the class *method* and the subclass *microscopy*. At present the only individuals includes are instances of [_role in the research data management process_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role), which are taken from the [DataCite Metadata Schema, v4.4 and following](https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.5/appendices/appendix-1/contributorType/).  Properties that are attributes of a class are called **datatype properties**. For instance, a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) has the following datatype properties: [_start time_](#https://schema.org/startTime), [_end time_](#https://schema.org/endTime), [_usage instruction_](#UsageInstruction). The **range** of a property defines the data type of a property. A [_usage instruction_](#UsageInstruction) can for example have the range _literal_, a [_start time_](#https://schema.org/startTime) the range _date with time_*. A property's **domain** lists the classes that have this property as an attribute. Relations between classes that can be used to interlink instances of these classes are called **object properties**. A [_tool_](#Tool) [_implements_](#implements) a [_method_](#Method), so "[_implements_](#implements)" is an object property with domain [_tool_](#Tool) and range [_method_](#Method). This documentation lists all the classes, datatype properties, object properties and individuals that are defined by m4i or reused from other ontologies. For further informations, please have a look at our [First steps guide](https://git.rwth-aachen.de/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/metadata4ing/-/blob/develop/training/first-steps-guide.md). ---Metadata4Ing: Overview back to ToC
This ontology has the following classes and properties.Classes
- activity
- agent
- agent
- assignment
- association
- bibliographic record
- coverage interval
- dataset
- dataset series
- distribution
- expanded uncertainty
- Field
- file object
- file set
- group
- intangible
- method
- numerical assignment
- numerical variable
- organization
- organization
- person
- person
- process
- processing step
- project
- property
- quantity kind
- quantity value
- real
- realizable entity
- record set
- research project
- role
- software agent
- text variable
- tool
- uncertainty declaration
- unit
- value
- variable
Object Properties
- associated to project
- compression format
- download URL
- ends with
- field
- had role
- has admissible unit
- has admissible value
- has agent
- has assigned value
- has coverage interval
- has distribution
- has employed tool
- has expanded uncertainty
- has input
- has kind of quantity
- has output
- has parameter
- has part
- has participant
- has participant
- has property
- has runtime assignment
- has uncertainty declaration
- has unit
- has variable
- immediately precedes
- implemented by
- implemented by
- implements
- implements
- in series
- input of
- investigates
- investigates property
- is admissible unit for
- is admissible value for
- is assignment for
- is employed tool
- is property of
- is related to
- is value in assignment
- is variable in assignment
- media type
- output of
- packaging format
- part of
- participates in
- participates in
- personal mailbox
- precedes
- project participant
- qualified association
- realized in
- realizes
- realizes method
- refers to
- represents
- represents variable
- source
- starts with
- uses instrument
- was role in
Data Properties
- end time
- file size (in bytes)
- first name
- has assignment timestamp
- has coverage factor
- has coverage probability
- has date assignment created
- has date assignment deleted
- has date assignment modified
- has date assignment valid from
- has date assignment valid until
- has identifier
- has interval maximum
- has interval minimum
- has maximum value
- has minimum value
- has numerical value
- has ORCID ID
- has project ID
- has ROR ID
- has standard uncertainty
- has statistical distribution
- has step size
- has string value
- has symbol
- has timestamp
- has uncertainty
- has value
- has variable description
- last name
- project end date
- project start date
- salutation
- spatial resolution (in metres)
- start time
- temporal resolution
- usage instruction
Named Individuals
Metadata4Ing: Description back to ToC
General process model
One of the main goals of the Metadata4Ing ontology is to enable researchers to document the provenance of data and material objects created or modified during research processes. Metadata4Ing accomplishes this with the help of a generalized process model, centered around the class [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). The aforementioned data and material objects are described as output of the [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). Other relevant information like, e.g., the methods or tools used in a research process, are described in separate classes that can be linked to [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). A series of [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep)s can be used to represent complex research processes (cf. [Section "Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition"](#3-8-specifying-complex-setups-and-processes-by-using-composition)). Metadata4Ing can therefore be seen as a system of building blocks that can be referred to by [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) and in their totality enable a complete description of the provenance of a dataset or material object. Processing step as central element
The central class of Metadata4Ing is [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep), which can be used to describe all kinds of processes and does not distinguish between different types of processing steps. The pattern formed by [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) and its admissible object properties is therefore considered universal for all kinds of processes. A distinction between processes is achieved by adding further information as described in the following subsections.Specifying in- and output
One of the major roles of [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) is to connect data and material objects to the processing step they were created in or modified by. It is usually good practice to treat modified datasets and material objects as newly created instances of their respective classes instead of reusing the original instance with altered attributes. This may seem unintuitive, especially for material objects that continue to exist after modification; but it is necessary, to be able to unambiguously refer to each "state" of modified entities. Each state may have been the subject of investigation or the in- or output in previous processing steps and therefore needs to persist as an unaltered node in the knowledge graph. For processing steps representing modifications of entities, the state before the modification would therefore be specified via [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233), whereas the resulting modified state of entity would be modelled as a new instance that is specified via [_has output_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234). [_Has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) can also be used to indicate other things that acted as input in a processing step, e.g. chemical substances or datasets (cf. [Section "Specifying datasets"](#3-10-specifying-datasets)). Both [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) and [_has output_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234) can refer to all kinds of entites, regardless of whether they are material (e.g. physical objects) or immaterial (e.g. datasets). Note, however, that [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) should not be used for specifying tools used in a processing step or the investigated object (e.g. for a measurement), both of which can be indicated with more specific properties described in the next subsections (cf. [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool) and [_investigates_](#investigates)).Specifying the investigated object and property
Many processes (e.g. measurements or simulations) performed during research aim to investigate an object. In Metadata4Ing, this object of investigation can be specified with the [_investigates_](#investigates) property, by which an arbitrary entity (both material and immaterial) can be connected to a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep). In addition to the object itself, a specific property that is investigated (e.g. temperature, pressure) can be specified via [_investigates property_](#investigatesProperty).Specifying employed tools and methods
Another essential element for documenting a process is information on what has been done. For this, Metadata4Ing includes the classes [_method_](#Method) and [_tool_](#Tool). [_Method_](#Method) describes the method that has been realized in the processing step (e.g. heating, numerical simulation) along with relevant parameters and can be added to the [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) via the [_realizes method_](#realizesMethod) property. In a similar fashion, [_tool_](#Tool) is used to describe a tool used to perform the processing step (e.g. water bath, simulation software) and can be linked to the [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) via the [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool) property. In addition, Metadata4Ing includes the [_implements_](#implements) property that can be used to indicate that a specific [_tool_](#Tool) implements a certain [_method_](#Method), as well as the inverse relation [_implemented by_](#implementedBy). It is recommended that at least two sides of the information triangle formed by [_realizes method_](#realizesMethod), [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool) and [_implements_](#implements) are included when documenting a processing step. Depending on the granularity of the processing step described, multiple methods and tools may be added to a single processing step (cf. [Section "Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition"](#3-8-specifying-complex-setups-and-processes-by-using-composition)).Specifying parameters
For both [_method_](#Method) and [_tool_](#Tool), relevant parameters (e.g. duration for the method "heating" or temperature for the tool "water bath") can be specified as individuals of the class [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable), connected by the [_has parameter_](#hasParameter) property. For further information on the description of variables, cf. [Section "Representation of variables"](#3-9-specifying-parameters-by-variables).Specifying persons and projects
Any [_person_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person) can most prominently be identified via an [_ORCID ID_](#orcidId), but also via characteristics like [_first name_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName), [_last name_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/lastName), [_personal mailbox_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox), or [_title_](#http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/title). A [_person_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person) typically [_is affiliated_](https://schema.org/affiliation) to an [_organization_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization), which in turn can be identified via a [_ROR ID_](#hasRorId). An [_organization_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization) may conduct [_research projects_](#https://schema.org/ResearchProject). These projects may be [_funded by_](https://schema.org/funder) other [_organizations_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization). A [_research project_](#https://schema.org/ResearchProject) is usually limited in time and has a specific [_start date_](#startOfProject) and [_end date_](#endOfProject). It usually has a unique [_project ID_](#projectReferenceID), especially when it is funded by third parties like the _Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft_ (DFG). A project usually has several [_project participants_](#projectParticipant) which are [_organizations_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization). A [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) may be part of such a [_research project_](#https://schema.org/ResearchProject). A particular [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) can [involve as _participants_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) one or more agents (e.g. people, organizations, software agents). With more detail, it can be said that the processing step involves the agents with a [_particular role_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole) (e.g. [_data collector_](#DataCollector)). The overall connection between these classes can be summarized as shown in the next figure. Specifying complex setups and processes by using composition
Oftentimes, a process performed during research consists of several substeps performed in sequence or parallel, or a tool consists of multiple components (e.g. a hardware assembly). In Metadata4Ing, these situations can be described via composition. A complex processing step and its substeps can both be modelled as instances of [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep), and the substeps can be declared as such by giving them the [_part of_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050) property pointing to the instance of the complex processing step. With the properties [_starts with_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002224), [_ends with_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002230) and [_precedes_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000063), an ordering of steps is possible. In a similar fashion, [_part of_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050) can be used to combine components into a multi-component tool, all of which can be modelled as instances of [_tool_](#Tool).  Since each substep in the composed step can be given all attributes of a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) (including [_investigates_](#investigates), [_has employed tool_](#hasEmployedTool), [_has input_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) and [_has output_](#http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234)), it becomes possible to provide a detailled description, including relations between the in- and output of specific components and substeps of a complex setup. Specifying parameters by variables
A building element in all quantitative sciences is the concept of [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable). A [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable) can be assigned a value (numerical, literal or logical) and can be attributed to a research object (as an intrinsic property), to a process (as technical parameter, independent regulated variable or result) or to the content of a dataset. Thus, a variable is the result of evalutating an expression, in both the mathematical and computer-science meaning of the word. A [_method_](#Method) or a [_tool_](#Tool) can refer to a variable as its [_parameter_](#hasParameter); a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) can [_investigate_](#investigates) it. Each variable can be explained by a [_description_](#hasDescription), be denoted by a [_symbol_](#hasSymbol) and get assigned a [_value_](#hasValue). We distinguish two subtypes of variables: [_text variables_](#TextVariable) and [_numerical variables_](#NumericalVariable). A [_text variable_](#TextVariable) has a [_string value_](#hasStringValue), while a [_numerical variable_](#NumericalVariable) has a single [_numerical value_](#hasNumericalValue) or multiple numerical values represented by a [_minimum value_](#hasMinimumValue), a [_maximum value_](#hasMaximumValue) and a [_step size_](#hasStepSize). For [_numerical variables_](#NumericalVariable) further specifications can be made: A numerical variable is associated to a defined [_kind of quantity_](#hasKindOfQuantity) and its value should be expressed using the corresponding [_unit_](#hasUnit). Both the kind of quantity and the unit are to a large extent normed within well-established vocabularies (ISO 80000, IEC, QUDT, EMMO); therefore we strongly recommend to refer to them via a persistent URI to the corresponding vocabulary entry from QUDT, that is, with a child of [`qudt:QuantityKind`](#http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityKind) or a child of [`qudt:Unit`](#http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Unit), respectively. Additionaly, a numerical variable can have a an [_uncertainty declaration_](#UncertaintyDeclaration), in the form of either a [_coverage interval_](#https://ptb.de/si/CoverageInterval) or an [_expanded uncertainty_](#https://ptb.de/si/ExpandedUnc) containing the [_uncertainty value_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasUncertainty), a [_coverage factor_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageFactor), the [_coverage probability_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageProbability) and optionally the underlying [_statistical distribution_](#https://ptb.de/si/hasDistribution). Specifying datasets and related publications
Research data can be the output or input of a [_processing step_](#ProcessingStep) in form of one or several [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject)s or a of similar files in a directory or a a container denoted as a [_file set_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileSet). Additional technical information about a [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject) can be its [_name_](https://schema.org/name), its [_content size_](https://schema.org/contentSize) or a [_SHA256_](https://schema.org/sha256) checksum. The content and structure of such a data file can be further specified by a [_record set_](http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet) of [_field_](http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field)s that represent [_variable_](#http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable)s. See the [specification of Croissant](https://docs.mlcommons.org/croissant/docs/croissant-spec.html) for more information. If a set of [_file objects_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject) is published in a data repository, then the entry in the repository is called a [_published dataset_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset), and possesses an [_identifier_](#http://purl.org/dc/terms/#identifier) and a [_landing page_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#landingPage). In this case, the content URL of a [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject) refers to the download link of this [_file object_](#http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject). See the [documentation of DCAT](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2/) for more information about datasets.  The data acquired during research activities may become part of an analysis and a concluding interpretation. Traditionally, these activities are summed up in monographs or journal articles. Scientific publications and their metadata are fortunately online and persistently identified these days, their metadata provided as a [_bibliographic record_](#http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord). A [_dataset_](#http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset) can be related to another publication in both directions: either it [_references_](http://purl.org/dc/terms/references) a [_bibliographic record_](#http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord), or it [_is referenced by_](http://purl.org/dc/terms/isReferencedBy) one.Cross-reference for Metadata4Ing classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC
This section provides details for each class and property defined by Metadata4Ing.Classes
- activity
- agent
- agent
- assignment
- association
- bibliographic record
- coverage interval
- dataset
- dataset series
- distribution
- expanded uncertainty
- Field
- file object
- file set
- group
- intangible
- method
- numerical assignment
- numerical variable
- organization
- organization
- person
- person
- process
- processing step
- project
- property
- quantity kind
- quantity value
- real
- realizable entity
- record set
- research project
- role
- software agent
- text variable
- tool
- uncertainty declaration
- unit
- value
- variable
activityc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity
An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
- has super-classes
- process c
- has sub-classes
- processing step c
- is in domain of
- has participant op, qualified association op, uses instrument op
agentc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent
An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- has sub-classes
- organization c, person c, software agent c
- is in range of
- has agent op, has participant op
agentc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent
DEPRECATED An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
- Is deprecated
- true
- has sub-classes
- group c, organization c, person c
assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Assignment
Assignment, i.e., a data item by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by m4i:hasVariable, 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by m4i:hasValue, and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- has sub-classes
- numerical assignment c
- is in domain of
- has assigned value op, has assignment timestamp dp, has date assignment created dp, has date assignment deleted dp, has date assignment modified dp, has date assignment valid from dp, has date assignment valid until dp, has variable op, is assignment for op
- is in range of
- has runtime assignment op, is value in assignment op, is variable in assignment op
associationc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association
An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ].
- is in domain of
- had role op
- is in range of
- qualified association op
bibliographic recordc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord
A record that uniquely describes a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic record is a set of entities describing aspects of the referenced work, including, for example, but not restricted to: authors, title, journal, publication year, DOI, ISSN, publisher and copyright information, or, in the case of a data publication: creators, title, version, archive, publication year, DOI or other identifier). The FRBR expression of a bibliographic record is a bibliographic reference, which usually contains only a sub-set of these entities, ordered in a particular way that corresponds to the house style of the publication in which it occurs.
coverage intervalc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/CoverageInterval
Structure for stating a probabilistic-symmetric coverage interval for a real uncertainty, to be applied to an si:Real quantity value
- has super-classes
- uncertainty declaration c
- is in domain of
- has interval maximum dp, has interval minimum dp, has standard uncertainty dp
- is in range of
- has coverage interval op
datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset
A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- is equivalent to
- dataset c
- has sub-classes
- dataset series c
- is in domain of
- has distribution op, in series op
dataset seriesc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#DatasetSeries
A collection of datasets that are published separately, but share some common characteristics that groups them.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
distributionc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Distribution
A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above).
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- is in domain of
- compression format op, download URL op, file size (in bytes) dp, media type op, packaging format op
- is in range of
- has distribution op
expanded uncertaintyc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/ExpandedUnc
Structure for stating an expanded measurement, model, or simulation uncertainty, e.g., to be applied to an si:Real quantity value
- has super-classes
- uncertainty declaration c
- is in domain of
- has coverage factor dp, has uncertainty dp
- is in range of
- has expanded uncertainty op
Fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
A component of the structure of a RecordSet, such as a column of a table.
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- is in domain of
- represents variable op
- is in range of
- field op
file objectc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject
An individual file that is part of a dataset.
- has super-classes
- creative work c
file setc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileSet
A set of homogeneous files extracted from a container, optionally filtered by inclusion and/or exclusion filters.
- has super-classes
- intangible c
groupc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Group
DEPRECATED A class of Agents.
- Is deprecated
- true
- has super-classes
- agent c
intangiblec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/Intangible
A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.
- has sub-classes
- Field c, assignment c, file set c, quantity kind c, record set c, uncertainty declaration c, unit c, value c, variable c
methodc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Method
Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle.
- has super-classes
- realizable entity c
- is in domain of
- implemented by op
- is in range of
- implements op, realizes method op
numerical assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalAssignment
Assignment by which a variable (e.g., a physical property) is assigned an si:Real quantity value (scalar x measurement unit) in some context (e.g., applied to some object of research)
- has super-classes
- assignment c
numerical variablec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
A variable that expects a float or integer as a value
- has super-classes
- variable c
- has sub-classes
- real c
- is in domain of
- has coverage interval op, has expanded uncertainty op, has kind of quantity op, has maximum value dp, has minimum value dp, has numerical value dp, has step size dp, has uncertainty declaration op, has unit op
organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization
An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- has super-classes
- agent c
- is in domain of
- has ROR ID dp
organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization
DEPRECATED An organization.
- Is deprecated
- true
- has super-classes
- agent c
personc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person
Person agents are people.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- has super-classes
- agent c
- is in domain of
- has ORCID ID dp
personc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person
DEPRECATED A person.
- Is deprecated
- true
- has super-classes
- agent c
processc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015
Process, i.e., a physical entity with a temporal evolution that 'has a meaning for the ontologist'
- has sub-classes
- activity c
- is in domain of
- immediately precedes op, precedes op, realizes op
- is in range of
- immediately precedes op, precedes op, realized in op
processing stepc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProcessingStep
Specific action undertaken during research
- has super-classes
- activity c
- is in domain of
- end time dp, ends with op, has employed tool op, has runtime assignment op, investigates op, investigates property op, realizes method op, start time dp, starts with op, usage instruction dp
- is in range of
- ends with op, is employed tool op, starts with op
projectc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/Project
An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim
- has sub-classes
- research project c
- is in domain of
- has project ID dp, project end date dp, project participant op, project start date dp
- is in range of
- associated to project op
propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Property
Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step
- has super-classes
- variable c
- is in range of
- investigates property op
quantity kindc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityKind
A <b>Quantity Kind</b> is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity.
Kind of quantity, i.e., a physical/chemical quantity from a controlled vocabulary, such as QUDT, IEC, or EMMO
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- is in range of
- has kind of quantity op
quantity valuec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#QuantityValue
Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit
- has super-classes
- value c
realc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/Real
(Real value +- uncertainty) x measurement unit, i.e., a scalar value with a measurement unit and an uncertainty indication
- has super-classes
- numerical variable c
realizable entityc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
- has sub-classes
- method c
- is in domain of
- realized in op
- is in range of
- realizes op
record setc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet
A description of a set of structured records from one or more data sources and their structure, expressed as a set of fields.
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- is in domain of
- field op
research projectc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/ResearchProject
A research project
- has super-classes
- project c
rolec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role
A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- has members
- contact person ni, data collector ni, data curator ni, data manager ni, distributor ni, editor ni, hosting institution ni, other person ni, producer ni, project leader ni, project manager ni, project member ni, registration agency ni, registration authority ni, related person ni, research group ni, researcher ni, rights holder ni, sponsor ni, supervisor ni, work package leader ni
software agentc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent
A software agent is running software.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- has super-classes
- agent c
text variablec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#TextVariable
A variable that expects a string of characters as a value
- has super-classes
- variable c
- is in domain of
- has string value dp
toolc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Tool
Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool
- is in domain of
- implements op, is employed tool op
- is in range of
- has employed tool op, implemented by op
uncertainty declarationc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#UncertaintyDeclaration
Declaration that can be applied to an si:Real quantity value to give an assessment of uncertainty
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- has sub-classes
- coverage interval c, expanded uncertainty c
- is in domain of
- has coverage probability dp, has statistical distribution dp
- is in range of
- has uncertainty declaration op
unitc back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Unit
A unit of measure, or unit is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of physical quanitity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU.
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- is in domain of
- is admissible unit for op
- is in range of
- has admissible unit op, has unit op
valuec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Value
Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- has sub-classes
- quantity value c
- is in domain of
- is admissible value for op, is value in assignment op
- is in range of
- has admissible value op, has assigned value op
variablec back to ToC or Class ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Variable
Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure
- is equivalent to
- inverse is admissible value for op some value c
- has super-classes
- intangible c
- has sub-classes
- numerical variable c, property c, text variable c
- is in domain of
- has admissible value op, has symbol dp, has value dp, has variable description dp, is variable in assignment op
- is in range of
- has parameter op, has variable op, is admissible value for op
Object Properties
- associated to project
- compression format
- download URL
- ends with
- field
- had role
- has admissible unit
- has admissible value
- has agent
- has assigned value
- has coverage interval
- has distribution
- has employed tool
- has expanded uncertainty
- has input
- has kind of quantity
- has output
- has parameter
- has part
- has participant
- has participant
- has property
- has runtime assignment
- has uncertainty declaration
- has unit
- has variable
- immediately precedes
- implemented by
- implemented by
- implements
- implements
- in series
- input of
- investigates
- investigates property
- is admissible unit for
- is admissible value for
- is assignment for
- is employed tool
- is property of
- is related to
- is value in assignment
- is variable in assignment
- media type
- output of
- packaging format
- part of
- participates in
- participates in
- personal mailbox
- precedes
- project participant
- qualified association
- realized in
- realizes
- realizes method
- refers to
- represents
- represents variable
- source
- starts with
- uses instrument
- was role in
associated to projectop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#inProject
A property that connects a person or an organization with a project.
- has domain
- organization c or person c
- has range
- project c
- is inverse of
- project participant op
compression formatop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#compressFormat
The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- has domain
- distribution c
download URLop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#downloadURL
The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dcterms:format and/or dcat:mediaType.
- Is defined by
- http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- has domain
- distribution c
ends withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002230
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
has characteristics: transitive
- has super-properties
- has part op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- processing step c
fieldop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/field
A data element that appears in the records of the RecordSet (e.g., one column of a table).
- has domain
- record set c
- has range
- Field c
had roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole
prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity)
- has domain
- association c
- is inverse of
- was role in op
has admissible unitop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAdmissibleUnit
redundant information: applicable unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL constraint.
DEPRECATED (x hasAdmissibleUnit y) means that y is a unit that can be associated with the variable x
- Is deprecated
- true
- has domain
- quantity kind c or numerical variable c
- has range
- unit c
- is inverse of
- is admissible unit for op
has admissible valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAdmissibleValue
(x hasAdmissibleValue y) means that y is a value that can be assigned to the variable x
- has domain
- variable c
- has range
- value c
- is inverse of
- is admissible value for op
has agentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent
The prov:agent property is used to reference an agent that had a role in an activity.
- has range
- agent c
has assigned valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAssignedValue
(a hasAssignedValue y) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- value c
- is inverse of
- is value in assignment op
has coverage intervalop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasCoverageInterval
Associates an si:Real quantity value with an si:CoverageInterval
- has super-properties
- has uncertainty declaration op
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- coverage interval c
has distributionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#distribution
An available distribution of the dataset.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- has domain
- dataset c
- has range
- distribution c
has employed toolop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasEmployedTool
Points to a tool that is used within a given processing step
- has super-properties
- uses instrument op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- tool c
- is inverse of
- is employed tool op
has expanded uncertaintyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasExpandedUnc
Relates an si:Real to its expanded uncertainty
- has super-properties
- has uncertainty declaration op
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- expanded uncertainty c
has inputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233
(x has input y) means x takes specific input as y for further processes
- has super-properties
- has participant op
- is inverse of
- input of op
has kind of quantityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasKindOfQuantity
Points to the property characterization (i.e., to the kind of quantity) from a controlled vocabulary
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- quantity kind c
has outputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234
(x has output y) means x provides specific output y for the result or further processes
- has super-properties
- has participant op
- is inverse of
- output of op
has parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasParameter
Points to a parameter of a given method or tool.
has partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has characteristics: transitive
- has sub-properties
- ends with op, starts with op
- is inverse of
- part of op
has participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
- has sub-properties
- has input op, has output op, has runtime assignment op, uses instrument op
- is inverse of
- participates in op
- has sub-property chains
- qualified association op o has agent op
has participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith
property between some activity and an agent involved in that activity
- has domain
- activity c
- has range
- agent c
- is inverse of
- participates in op
- has sub-property chains
- qualified association op o has agent op
has propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/hasProperty
Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/
- is inverse of
- is property of op
has runtime assignmentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasRuntimeAssignment
Points to an assignment that is neither input nor output
- has super-properties
- has participant op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- assignment c
has uncertainty declarationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUncertaintyDeclaration
Associates an si:Real quantity value with its mandatory uncertainty declaration (i.e., with an expanded uncertainty or a coverage interval)
- has sub-properties
- has coverage interval op, has expanded uncertainty op
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- uncertainty declaration c
has unitop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUnit
Represents the unit of a numerical (real) value
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- unit c
has variableop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasVariable
( a hasVariable x ) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- variable c
- is inverse of
- is variable in assignment op
immediately precedesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002090
X immediately precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
implemented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#implementedByTool
Points to a tool that implements a given method
- has super-properties
- implemented by op
- has domain
- method c
- has range
- tool c
- is inverse of
- implements op
implemented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implementedBy
Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way.
- has sub-properties
- implemented by op
implementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#implementsMethod
Points to a method that is implemented by a given tool
- has super-properties
- implements op
- has domain
- tool c
- has range
- method c
- is inverse of
- implemented by op
implementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implements
Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method).
- has sub-properties
- implements op
in seriesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#inSeries
Normally, child datasets in dataset series are represented as dcat:Dataset. The use of dcat:Distribution for typing child datasets is however recognized as a possible alternative, whenever it addresses more effectively the requirements of a given application scenario.
A dataset series of which the dataset is part.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- has super-properties
- part of op
- has domain
- dataset c
- has range
- dataset series c
input ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002352
(x input of y) means x is a specific input of y to carry out further processes
- has super-properties
- participates in op
- is inverse of
- has input op
investigatesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#investigates
(x investigates y) means that x is about y, in the context of scientific research and development
- has sub-properties
- investigates property op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- thing c
investigates propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#investigatesProperty
(x investigatesProperty y) means that x is about target property y, in the context of scientific research and development
- has super-properties
- investigates op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- property c
is admissible unit forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isAdmissibleUnitFor
redundant information: admissible unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL contraint.
DEPRECATED (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps)
- Is deprecated
- true
- has domain
- unit c
- has range
- quantity kind c or numerical variable c
- is inverse of
- has admissible unit op
is admissible value forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isAdmissibleValueFor
(x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that x is a value that can be assigned to the variable y; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part
- has domain
- value c
- has range
- variable c
- is inverse of
- has admissible value op
is assignment forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isAssignmentFor
(o isAssignment for d) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o; e.g., x may be temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured or some other context to which the assignment refers
- has domain
- assignment c
is employed toolop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#isEmployedToolIn
Points to a processing step the tool has been used in
- has domain
- tool c
- has range
- processing step c
- is inverse of
- has employed tool op
is property ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/isPropertyOf
Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to.
- is inverse of
- has property op
is related toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000001
A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B.
- has sub-properties
- refers to op
is value in assignmentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isValueInAssignment
(y isValueInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
- has domain
- value c
- has range
- assignment c
- is inverse of
- has assigned value op
is variable in assignmentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#isVariableInAssignment
(x isVariableInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x
- has domain
- variable c
- has range
- assignment c
- is inverse of
- has variable op
media typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#mediaType
The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- has domain
- distribution c
output ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002353
(x output of y) means x is the specific output of y as the result or further processes
- has super-properties
- participates in op
- is inverse of
- has output op
packaging formatop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#packageFormat
The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- has domain
- distribution c
part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
participates inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000056
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
- has sub-properties
- input of op, output of op
- is inverse of
- has participant op
participates inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor
property between an agent and an activity with which the agent was associated with or participates in
- is inverse of
- has participant op
personal mailboxop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox
A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox.
- Is defined by
- http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
has characteristics: inverse functional
- has range
- thing c
precedesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000063
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
has characteristics: transitive
- has sub-properties
- immediately precedes op
- has domain
- process c
- has range
- process c
project participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#projectParticipant
A property that connects a project with a person or an organisation.
- has domain
- project c
- has range
- organization c or person c
- is inverse of
- associated to project op
qualified associationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation
Allows to specify more information (e.g. a role) about an association between an agent (e.g. a person) and an Activity (e.g. a processing step).
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- Example
-
Example application in m4i: :SomeProcess a m4i:ProcessingStep; obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :SomePerson; prov:hadRole :SomeRole; rdfs:comment ":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess"@en ] ; skos:prefLabel "has qualified association"@en , "hat qualifizierte Beziehung"@de . The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 or http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node) containing additional information about the participation relation.
- has domain
- activity c
- has range
- association c
realized inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000054
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
- Is defined by
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/
- has domain
- realizable entity c
- has range
- process c
- is inverse of
- realizes op
realizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000055
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
- Is defined by
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/
- has sub-properties
- realizes method op
- has domain
- process c
- has range
- realizable entity c
- is inverse of
- realized in op
realizes methodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#realizesMethod
Points to a method that is used within a given processing step
- has super-properties
- realizes op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- method c
refers toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000628
refers to is a relation between one entity and the entity that it makes reference to.
- has super-properties
- is related to op
- has sub-properties
- represents op
representsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000210
A represents B when A serves as a sign, symbol or model of B.
- has super-properties
- refers to op
- has sub-properties
- represents variable op
represents variableop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#representsVariable
Points to a variable that is represented through a field within a recordset
- has super-properties
- represents op
- has domain
- Field c
- has range
- variable c
sourceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/source
The data source of the field. This will generally reference a FileObject or FileSet's contents (e.g., a specific column of a table).
starts withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002224
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
has characteristics: transitive
- has super-properties
- has part op
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- processing step c
uses instrumentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/instrument
points to an object that helped the agent perform the action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen)
- has super-properties
- has participant op
- has sub-properties
- has employed tool op
- has domain
- activity c
was role inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRoleIn
prov:wasRoleIn references the association (e.g. between an agent and an activity) in which a role shall be defined. Inverse property of prov:hadRole.
- is inverse of
- had role op
Data Properties
- end time
- file size (in bytes)
- first name
- has assignment timestamp
- has coverage factor
- has coverage probability
- has date assignment created
- has date assignment deleted
- has date assignment modified
- has date assignment valid from
- has date assignment valid until
- has identifier
- has interval maximum
- has interval minimum
- has maximum value
- has minimum value
- has numerical value
- has ORCID ID
- has project ID
- has ROR ID
- has standard uncertainty
- has statistical distribution
- has step size
- has string value
- has symbol
- has timestamp
- has uncertainty
- has value
- has variable description
- last name
- project end date
- project start date
- salutation
- spatial resolution (in metres)
- start time
- temporal resolution
- usage instruction
end timedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/endTime
The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to <em>December</em>. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file.<br/><br/>
Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
- Is defined by
- https://schema.org/
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- date with time
file size (in bytes)dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#byteSize
The size of a distribution in bytes.
- Is defined by
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
- has domain
- distribution c
first namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName
The first name of a person.
- has range
- literal
has assignment timestampdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasAssignmentTimestamp
Points to a timestamp associated with an assignment; there are multiple kinds of timestamp datatype properties, which are included here from schema.org
- has super-properties
- has timestamp dp
- has sub-properties
- has date assignment created dp, has date assignment deleted dp, has date assignment modified dp, has date assignment valid from dp, has date assignment valid until dp
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- date with time
has coverage factordp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageFactor
points to the coverage factor, i.e., to a factor (greater than or equal to unity) by which the expanded uncertainty relates to the standard uncertainty
- has domain
- expanded uncertainty c
- has range
has coverage probabilitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasCoverageProbability
points to the probability (between 0 and 1) ascribed to the event of the actual value falling within the range asserted by the given uncertainty declaration
- has domain
- uncertainty declaration c
- has range
has date assignment createddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentCreated
Points to a date(time) of creation of an assignment
- has super-properties
- has assignment timestamp dp
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- date with time
has date assignment deleteddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentDeleted
Points to a date(time) of deletion of an assignment
- has super-properties
- has assignment timestamp dp
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- date with time
has date assignment modifieddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentModified
Points to a date(time) of modification of an assignment
- has super-properties
- has assignment timestamp dp
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- date with time
has date assignment valid fromdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentValidFrom
Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment begins
- has super-properties
- has assignment timestamp dp
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- date with time
has date assignment valid untildp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasDateAssignmentValidUntil
Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment ends
- has super-properties
- has assignment timestamp dp
- has domain
- assignment c
- has range
- date with time
has identifierdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#identifier
A systematically built alphanumeric string that identifies a unique object (e.g. a person, a publication, an organisation, a research activity, a sample, etc.) or a unique class of objects.
- has sub-properties
- has ORCID ID dp, has ROR ID dp, has project ID dp
- has domain
- thing c
- has range
- string
has interval maximumdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasIntervalMax
upper boundary of the coverage interval
- has domain
- coverage interval c
- has range
- decimal
has interval minimumdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasIntervalMin
lower boundary of the coverage interval
- has domain
- coverage interval c
- has range
- decimal
has maximum valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMaximumValue
Represents the highest value of a multi-valued variable
- has super-properties
- has value dp
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- decimal or formula
has minimum valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMinimumValue
Represents the lowest value of a multi-valued variable
- has super-properties
- has value dp
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- decimal or formula
has numerical valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasNumericalValue
Represents the numerical value of a real
- has super-properties
- has value dp
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- decimal or formula
has ORCID IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#orcidId
Open Researcher and Contributor ID: an identifier, that allows unique identification of a person, usually active in research.
- has super-properties
- has identifier dp
- has domain
- person c
- has range
has project IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#projectReferenceID
An alphanumeric identifier for a project.
- has super-properties
- has identifier dp
- has domain
- project c
- has range
- string
has ROR IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasRorId
A Research Organization Registry identifier that persistently and uniquely identifies a research organization
- has super-properties
- has identifier dp
- has domain
- organization c
- has range
has standard uncertaintydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasStandardUnc
The standard measurement uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation
- has domain
- coverage interval c
- has range
has statistical distributiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasDistribution
points to a descriptor/label of the assumed underlying distribution
- has domain
- uncertainty declaration c
- has range
- string
has step sizedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasStepSize
Describes the spacing of a multi-valued variable
- has super-properties
- has value dp
- has domain
- numerical variable c
- has range
- decimal or formula
has string valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasStringValue
A character string of any length
- has super-properties
- has value dp
- has domain
- text variable c
- has range
- string
has symboldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasSymbol
Letter or string that denotes a variable
has timestampdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/temporal
The 'temporal' property can be used in cases where more specific properties (e.g., dateCreated, dateModified, datePublished) are not known to be appropriate
- has sub-properties
- has assignment timestamp dp
- has range
- date with time
has uncertaintydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://ptb.de/si/hasUncertainty
absolute magnitude of the indicated uncertainty
- has domain
- expanded uncertainty c
- has range
has valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasValue
A value of any type
- has sub-properties
- has maximum value dp, has minimum value dp, has numerical value dp, has step size dp, has string value dp
- has domain
- variable c
has variable descriptiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasVariableDescription
Textual and human readable description of a variable in a research context
last namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/lastName
The last name of a person.
- has range
- literal
project end datedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#endOfProject
end date of a project
project start datedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#startOfProject
start date of a project
salutationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/title
Title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. etc)
- has range
- literal
spatial resolution (in metres)dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#spatialResolutionInMeters
Minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres.
- has range
- decimal
start timedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: https://schema.org/startTime
The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from <em>January</em> to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file.<br/><br/>
Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
- Is defined by
- https://schema.org/
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- date with time
temporal resolutiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#temporalResolution
Minimum time period resolvable in a dataset.
- has range
- duration
usage instructiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#UsageInstruction
Textual description of a processing step within a research process to enable or facilitate its reproducibility
- has domain
- processing step c
- has range
- literal or string
Named Individuals
- contact person
- data collector
- data curator
- data manager
- distributor
- editor
- hosting institution
- other person
- producer
- project leader
- project manager
- project member
- registration agency
- registration authority
- related person
- research group
- researcher
- rights holder
- sponsor
- supervisor
- work package leader
contact personni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ContactPerson
Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource
- belongs to
- role c
data collectorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataCollector
Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI)
- belongs to
- role c
data curatorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataCurator
Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a data centre or repository
- belongs to
- role c
data managerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataManager
Person (or organisation with a staff of data managers, such as a data centre) responsible for maintaining the finished resource
- belongs to
- role c
distributorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Distributor
Institution tasked with responsibility to generate/disseminate copies of the resource in either electronic or print form
- belongs to
- role c
editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Editor
A person who oversees the details related to the publication format of the resource
- belongs to
- role c
hosting institutionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#HostingInstitution
Typically, the organisation allowing the resource to be available on the internet through the provision of its hardware/software/operating support
- belongs to
- role c
other personni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Other
Any person or institution making a significant contribution to the development and/or maintenance of the resource, but whose contribution is notadequately described by any of the other values for contributorType
- belongs to
- role c
producerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Producer
Typically,a person or organisation responsible for the artistry and form of a media product
- belongs to
- role c
project leaderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProjectLeader
Person officially designated as head of project team or sub-project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource
- belongs to
- role c
project managerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProjectManager
Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams.
- belongs to
- role c
project memberni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProjectMember
Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team
- belongs to
- role c
registration agencyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RegistrationAgency
Institution/organisation officially appointed by a Registration Authority to handle specific tasks within a defined area of responsibility
- belongs to
- role c
registration authorityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RegistrationAuthority
A standards-setting body from which Registration Agencies obtain official recognition and guidance
- belongs to
- role c
related personni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RelatedPerson
A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize
- belongs to
- role c
research groupni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ResearchGroup
Typically refers to a group of individuals with a lab, department, or divisionthathas a specifically defined focus of activity.
- belongs to
- role c
researcherni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Researcher
A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author.
- belongs to
- role c
rights holderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#RightsHolder
Person or institution owning or managing property rights, including intellectual property rights over the resource
- belongs to
- role c
sponsorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Sponsor
Person or organisation that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, developed, etc.
- belongs to
- role c
supervisorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Supervisor
Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process
- belongs to
- role c
work package leaderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC
IRI: http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#WorkPackageLeader
A Work Package is a recognized data product, not all of which is included in publication. The package, instead, may include notes, discarded documents, etc. The Work Package Leader is responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource.
- belongs to
- role c
Legend back to ToC
c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals
References back to ToC
DataCite Metadata Working Group (2024). DataCite Metadata Schema for the Publication and Citation of Research Data and Other Research Outputs, v4.5. https://doi.org/10.14454/g8e5-6293 Fuhrmans, Marc; Iglezakis, Dorothea (2020). Metadata4Ing: Ansatz zur Modellierung interoperabler Metadaten für die Ingenieurwissenschaften. Interoperabilität von Metadaten innerhalb der NFDI - Konsortienübergreifender Metadaten-Workshop. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3982367 Hutzschenreuter, Daniel et al (2020). SmartCom Digital System of Units (D-SI): Guide for the use of the metadata-format used in metrology for the easy-to-use, safe, harmonised and unambiguous digital transfer of metrological data - Second Edition (D-SI 1.3.0-2). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3816686 Horsch, Martin Thomas (2021). Mereosemiotics: Five scenarios (first revised version). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4846313 Iglezakis, Dorothea; Terzijska, Džulia; Arndt, Susanne; Leimer, Sophia; Hickmann, Johanna; Fuhrmans, Marc; Lanza, Giacomo (2023). Modelling Scientific Processes With the m4i Ontology. Proceedings of the Conference on Research Data Infrastructure, 1. https://doi.org/10.52825/cordi.v1i.271 Preuß, Nils; Bodenbenner, Matthias, Heinrichs, Benedikt; Windeck, Jürgen; Moser, Mario; Fuhrmans, Marc (2023). Creating application-specific metadata profiles while improving interoperability and consistency of research data for the engineering sciences [Report]. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt. https://doi.org/10.26083/tuprints-00024573 Schembera, Björn; Iglezakis, Dorothea (2020). EngMeta - Metadata for Computational Engineering. International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, 14, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSO.2020.107792 Reused Ontologies: * BIBO = [Bibliographic Ontology](https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/bibo/) * BIRO = [Bibliographic Reference Ontology](http://purl.org/spar/biro) * CR = [Croissant](http://mlcommons.org/croissant/) * DCAT = [Data Catalog](http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat) * DCC = [Digital Calibration Certificate](https://ptb.de/dcc/) * DCTERMS = [Dublin Core Terms](http://purl.org/dc/terms/) * EMMO = [European Materials and Modelling Ontology](http://emmo.info/emmo) * FOAF = [Friend of a Friend](http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/) * OBO = Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies: * BFO = [Basic Formal Ontology](https://basic-formal-ontology.org/) * RO = [Relation Ontology](https://obofoundry.org/ontology/ro.html) * OWL = [Web Ontology Language](https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-overview/) * PIMS-II = [PIMS Interoperability Infrastructure](http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl) * PROV = [Provenance Namespace](https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-o-20130430/) * QUDT = [Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types](http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html) * RDF = [Resource Description Framework](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/) * RDFS = [RDF Schema](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/) * SCHEMA = [schema.org](https://schema.org/) * D-SI = [Digital System of Units](https://www.ptb.de/si/SI_Format.xsd) * SIO = [Semanticscience Integrated Ontology](http://semanticscience.org/resource/) * SKOS = [Simple Knowledge Organization System](https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/) * SSN = [Semantic Sensor Network Ontology](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/) * VANN = [Vocabulary for Annotating vocabulary descriptions](https://vocab.org/vann/) * XSD = [XML Schema Definition](https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/)Changes from last version
Classes
Modified classes
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset
- Added: EquivalentClasses EquivalentClasses(<http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset> <https://schema.org/Dataset>)
- https://ptb.de/si/Real
- Added: SubClass of http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: SubClass of http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#QuantityValue
Added classes
- http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/Intangible
- http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileObject
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/CreativeWork
- http://mlcommons.org/croissant/FileSet
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/Intangible
- http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet
- Added: SubClass of https://schema.org/Intangible
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Variable
- https://schema.org/CreativeWork
- https://schema.org/Dataset
- Added: EquivalentClasses EquivalentClasses(<http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset> <https://schema.org/Dataset>)
Object Properties
Modified object properties
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasCoverageInterval
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasExpandedUnc
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUncertaintyDeclaration
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasUnit
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#investigatesProperty
- Added: domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#ProcessingStep
- http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#distribution
- Added: Range http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Distribution
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent
- Added:
- Deleted:
- Added:
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole
- Added:
- Added:
- Added:
- Deleted: rdfs:label "hatte Rolle"@de
- Deleted:
- Deleted:
- Deleted:
- Deleted: rdfs:label "had role"@en
- Added:
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation
- Added:
- Added:
- Deleted:
- Deleted:
- Added:
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRoleIn
- Added:
- Added:
- Added:
- Deleted:
- Deleted: rdfs:label "war Rolle in"@de
- Deleted: rdfs:label "was role in"@en
- Added:
- http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implementedBy
- Added:
- Added:
- Added:
- Added:
- http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/implements
- Added:
- Added:
- Added:
- Added:
Added object properties
- http://mlcommons.org/croissant/field
- Added: domain http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RecordSet
- Added: Range http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
- http://mlcommons.org/croissant/source
- http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000001
- http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000210
- Added: SubProperty of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000628
- http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000628
- Added: SubProperty of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000001
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#representsVariable
- Added: domain http://mlcommons.org/croissant/Field
- Added: SubProperty of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000210
- Added: Range http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Variable
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor
- Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith>)
- http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith
- Added: Range http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent
- Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociateFor> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith>)
- Added: domain http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity
Data Properties
Modified data properties
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMaximumValue
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasMinimumValue
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasNumericalValue
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasRorId
- Added:
- Added:
- Deleted:
- Deleted:
- Added:
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#hasStepSize
- Added: Domain http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#NumericalVariable
- Deleted: Domain https://ptb.de/si/Real
- http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#orcidId
- Added:
- Added:
- Deleted: Range http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string
- Added:
Acknowledgments back to ToC
The authors would like to thank [Silvio Peroni](http://www.essepuntato.it/) for developing [LODE](http://www.essepuntato.it/lode), a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and [Daniel Garijo](https://w3id.org/people/dgarijo) for developing [Widoco](https://github.com/dgarijo/Widoco), the program used to create the template used in this documentation. The authors would like to thank the Federal Government and the Heads of Government of the Länder, as well as the Joint Science Conference (GWK), for their funding and support within the framework of the [NFDI4Ing consortium](https://nfdi4ing.de), which was funded by the [German Research Foundation](https://www.dfg.de/) (DFG) under the project number [442146713](https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/442146713).